Laboratory Diagnosis of HSV Infections

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a _________ infection.

_________ is an acute infectious disease characterized by fever, rash, and enlargement of occipital and cervical lymph nodes.

Rubella virus belongs to the _________ family.

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) causes _________.

The rash in postnatal rubella is due to _________ mediated vasculitis.

_________ rubella syndrome results from rubella infection of pregnant women and transmission to the fetus.

Laboratory diagnosis of HSV infections includes a Tzanck smear where scrapings from the base of skin lesions are stained with ________.

Presence of multinucleated giant cells in a Tzanck smear suggests ________ infection.

Detection of viral antigens or DNA in vesicular fluid for HSV can be done by immunofluorescence or by DNA probes or ________.

Isolation of the virus from herpetic lesions is identified by immunofluorescence or ________.

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) causes ________ in which there is polyclonal activation of B cells.

Diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis includes an increase in leucocytic count with lymphocytosis and atypical ________.

Clinical forms are: 1- In the normal host it causes: a- Asymptomatic latent infection with the virus persisting in leucocytes and kidneys.b- Infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome clinically similar to EBV infection. However, they are heterophile antibodies negative. c- An association was observed between the presence of ______ and restenosis in coronary angioplasty. 2- In the immunocompromised host e.g. AIDS patients, those receiving organ transplants and those receiving chemotherapy; ______ causes pneumonia, retinitis, graft rejection or disseminated disease. Infection may be due to reactivation of their own latent virus. 3- Congenital infection in utero -from primary or reactivated infection of the mother- causes abortion, still-birth or 'cytomegalic inclusion disease' characterized by congenital anomalies e.g. blindness, deafness, mental retardation or microcephaly. Hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice and purpura are common. The anomalies are more common when the foetus is infected during the first trimester. Perinatal infection from the birth canal or from breast. Diagnosis: 1- Detection of intranuclear cytomegalic inclusions, which are oval 'owl's-eye' shape in tissues or in desquamated cells in the urine. 2- Detection of ______ nucleic acids in tissues or body fluids e.g. blood, CSF and amniotic fluid by PCR 3- Isolation of virus from throat washings and urine. 4- Detection of IgM or rising titer of IgG in congenitally infected infants is diagnostic. 3.

In the normal host, CMV causes asymptomatic latent infection with the virus persisting in ______ and kidneys.

In the immunocompromised host, e.g. AIDS patients, CMV causes pneumonia, retinitis, graft rejection or disseminated disease. Infection may be due to reactivation of their own ______ virus.

Congenital infection in utero -from primary or reactivated infection of the mother- causes abortion, still-birth or 'cytomegalic inclusion disease' characterized by congenital anomalies e.g. blindness, deafness, mental retardation or ______.

Detection of intranuclear cytomegalic inclusions, which are oval 'owl's-eye' shape in tissues or in desquamated cells in the urine is a method for the diagnosis of ______.

Detection of CMV nucleic acids in tissues or body fluids e.g. blood, CSF and amniotic fluid by ______ is a diagnostic method.

Isolation of virus from throat washings and urine is a method used in the diagnosis of ______.