Kidney Structure and Function for Year 1 Dentistry

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What is the approximate weight of each kidney in humans?

130-150 g (correct)

200-220 g

160-180 g

100-120 g

What is the primary function of the renal system?

To aid in digestion

To produce hormones

To produce, carry and store urine (correct)

To regulate body temperature

What is the approximate volume of urine produced by humans per day?

800ml - 2.2L (correct)

1.5L - 3L

500ml - 1L

1L - 2.5L

What is reabsorbed in the renal system?

Useful substances and water Signup and view all the answers

What can increase urine production?

Increased fluid intake Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the membrane that filters the blood in the glomerulus?

Glomerular membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Nephron Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the kidneys in terms of acid-base balance?

Maintenance of acid-base balance Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells?

Erythropoietin Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the regulation of water balance in the body?

Osmoregulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Distal Convoluted Tubule?

Fine tuning of tubular reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone regulates sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the Distal Convoluted Tubule?

Aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the Distal Convoluted Tubule?

Increases permeability to water Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Collecting Duct in the nephron?

Reabsorption of ions and water Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the medulla region on the Collecting Duct?

Increases sodium concentration Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates Na+/K+-ATPase in the PCT, loops of Henle, DCT, and collecting tubes?

Aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the medullary collecting ducts?

Reabsorption of urea Signup and view all the answers

Which structure conveys urine from each kidney to the bladder?

Ureters Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the collecting ducts?

Increases water permeability Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the bladder when it is full?

It becomes larger and more pear-shaped Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the internal urethral sphincter?

Control of leakage between voidings Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines the mucosa of the ureter and bladder?

Transitional epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which urine is propelled from the renal pelvis into the ureter?

Peristaltic waves Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the bladder when it is full?

Pear-shaped Signup and view all the answers

How long can a person with normal bladder function suppress the urge to urinate?

1-2 hours Signup and view all the answers