Kidney Function Quiz - Test 4
47 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary effect of vasopressin on the kidneys?

  • Insertion of aquaporins into collecting duct cells (correct)
  • Increased filtration of glucose
  • Promotion of K+ reabsorption
  • Inhibition of aldosterone secretion

    • Which physiological change is most likely when alcohol inhibits vasopressin release?

  • High volume of dilute urine (correct)
  • Increased urine concentration
  • Decreased thirst sensation
  • Reduced blood pressure

    • What stimulates the secretion of renin from juxtaglomerular cells?

  • Decreased plasma volume (correct)
  • High blood pressure in afferent arterioles
  • Increased Na+ levels in the macula densa
  • Decreased plasma osmolarity

    • Which organ is primarily responsible for the secretion of aldosterone?

    <p>Adrenal glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After ingesting excessive salt, which physiological response is expected?

    <p>Increased secretion of atrial natriuretic factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following situations would likely decrease vasopressin secretion?

    <p>Excessive fluid intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes an effect of high plasma osmolarity?

    <p>Induction of thirst and vasopressin secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would likely be noticed immediately after intense sweating during a workout?

    <p>Concentrated urine production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After your friend donated 0.5 L of plasma, who will have a greater increase in vasopressin secretion and why?

    <p>You will have a greater vasopressin secretion because sweat is hyperosmotic to plasma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to baroreceptors after prolonged exertion in a hot climate and heavy sweating?

    <p>They decrease firing, leading to increased secretion of vasopressin and thus increased renal reabsorption of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the actions of aldosterone?

    <p>Aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in the cortical collecting ducts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of meiosis in a single germ cell?

    <p>It results in 4 cells with 23 chromosomes each.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates spermatogenesis?

    <p>The mitotic division of spermatogonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the first meiotic division, how many cells are created?

    <p>Two cells with 46 chromosomes each.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of spermatogenesis?

    <p>It results in four spermatozoa for every primary spermatocyte.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception regarding the effects of aldosterone?

    <p>Aldosterone promotes Na+ reabsorption and H+ secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the second meiotic division during spermatogenesis?

    <p>Fertilization of the egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about spermatogenesis is correct?

    <p>It requires participation of Sertoli cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the likely effect of excessive inhibin production by Sertoli cells due to a tumor?

    <p>LH secretion would be inhibited.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential side effect may arise from increased androgen production due to medication?

    <p>New or increased growth of facial hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hypothesis is most appropriate for how the pesticide will be cleared from the body?

    <p>The pesticide will mostly be cleared in the urine as it will be filtered but not reabsorbed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect may occur in Sydney due to scarring in the fallopian tubes?

    <p>Oocytes may not reach the uterus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the effect of cutting the fallopian tubes at their midpoints?

    <p>Ova would not travel from the ovaries to the uterus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does GnRH play in reproductive hormone regulation?

    <p>It encourages the pituitary gland to secrete FSH and LH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which segment of the nephron is the greatest fraction of filtered water reabsorbed?

    <p>The proximal tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be expected due to a reduction in fallopian tube diameter?

    <p>Increased chances of ectopic pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which region of the nephron does the reabsorption of water vary the most in response to the state of hydration?

    <p>The collecting duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the placenta?

    <p>For the diffusion of wastes, oxygen, and nutrients between fetal and maternal blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is true?

    <p>hCG levels are highest during the first trimester of pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone's secretion would rise as a result of inhibin from Sertoli cells?

    <p>Luteinizing hormone (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during parturition?

    <p>It encompasses the delivery of the infant and placenta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does glucose appear in the urine during diabetes mellitus?

    <p>The filtered load of glucose becomes greater than the tubular maximum for its reabsorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does an agonist to the oxytocin receptor produce in a late-pregnancy woman?

    <p>It leads to onset of uterine contractions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the ascending limb of the loop of Henle functions?

    <p>It actively transports sodium and chloride out into the interstitial fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the role of the kidneys in regulating blood plasma osmolality?

    <p>The kidneys control reabsorption of water and solutes, adjusting urine concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic regarding oxytocin is incorrect?

    <p>It is released from the anterior pituitary gland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the permeabilities of the different segments of the nephron?

    <p>The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to water but permeable to sodium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of umbilical arteries?

    <p>They transport oxygen-poor blood with metabolic wastes away from the fetus to the placenta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the interaction between the mother and fetus in terms of blood exchange?

    <p>The placenta allows for nutrient and gas exchange without blood mixing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antibodies are present in the plasma of a person with type O blood?

    <p>Both anti-A and anti-B antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario may a fetus be at risk due to blood type incompatibility?

    <p>An Rh-positive fetus with an Rh-negative mother</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of HIV transmission is typically NOT a viable route?

    <p>Kissing an infected person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance is NOT produced in the body of a person with type O blood?

    <p>Erythrocytes with both type A and type B antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a true statement about maternal-fetal blood type interactions?

    <p>Rh incompatibility may pose risks if a mother has not been previously sensitized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of blood is at risk to a fetus from an O blood mother?

    <p>Type B blood fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is necessary for the risk of blood type incompatibility to exist?

    <p>Mother must be type O while fetus is type A or B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibodies does a person with type A blood NOT produce?

    <p>Anti-A antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Multiple Choice Questions - Test 4

    • Question 1: The kidney function that is NOT correctly described is secreting hormones. Kidneys contribute to blood pressure regulation by maintaining plasma volume. They excrete metabolic waste and maintain acid-base balance.

    • Question 2: The infection began in the urethra. An ultrasound of the ureters revealed no infection, and the individual experiences frequent urination with a low urine volume and fever.

    • Question 3: Fluid moves from Bowman's capsule into the glomerulus. Substances are reabsorbed from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular lumen, and fluid moves by bulk flow from glomerular capillaries to Bowman's space.

    • Question 4: The amount of a substance excreted in urine equals the amount filtered plus secreted, minus the amount reabsorbed.

    • Question 5: Plasma proteins are least likely to be filtered into Bowman's capsule.

    • Question 6: Calcium ions (Ca2+) are NOT normally present in urine.

    • Question 7: Glucose is the substance least dependent on the kidney for plasma concentration regulation.

    • Question 8: The juxtaglomerular apparatus is likely to exhibit abnormal development, given low renin secretion in a patient with kidney defects.

    • Question 9: Glomerular filtrate is similar to plasma, but it lacks plasma proteins.

    • Question 10: The hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries opposes filtration, while glomerular filtration rate is limited by transport maximum, not all plasma entering glomerular capillaries is filtered, and osmotic force by plasma proteins favors filtration.

    • Question 11: Net glomerular filtration pressure (GFP) equals hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries minus hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's capsule minus osmotic force due to proteins in plasma.

    • Question 12: Constriction of afferent arterioles decreases hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries.

    • Question 13: Reabsorption of sodium (Na+) from the proximal tubule depends on water reabsorption, and reabsorption of glucose saturates at maximum transport rate.

    • Question 14: Tubular reabsorption involves the movement of substances from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular fluid or from the proximal tubule into the loop of Henle. It does not involve transport from the lumen into the renal interstitial fluid.

    • Question 15: Potassium (K+) undergoes renal tubular secretion.

    • Question 16: Water is filtered out of glomerular capillaries by bulk flow and is actively reabsorbed in the proximal tubule; sodium follows its diffusion gradient. Water permeability in the ascending limb of Henle's loop is modified by vasopressin.

    • Question 17: The hypothesis for how the pesticide will be found in the body is that it's cleared in the urine because it's filtered but not reabsorbed.

    • Question 18: The proximal tubule has the greatest fraction of filtered water reabsorbed.

    • Question 19: The collecting duct is where water reabsorption varies most due to hydration state.

    • Question 20: The ascending loop of Henle is not permeable to water, and the fraction of filtered NaCl reabsorbed is equal to the fraction of filtered water reabsorbed in the descending loop of Henle.

    • Question 21: Glucose is present in the urine of individuals with diabetes mellitus because the filtered load of glucose exceeds the tubular maximum for its reabsorption.

    • Question 22: Vasopressin increases the insertion of aquaporins into the apical membranes of collecting duct cells.

    • Question 23: If an individual consumes alcohol, excessive dilute urine will be produced, due to inhibition of vasopressin release.

    • Question 24: Renin is secreted by juxtaglomerular cells in the renal afferent arterioles and is stimulated by the low levels of sodium (Na+) in the macula densa and low blood pressure in the renal afferent arterioles.

    • Question 25: The adrenal glands are the main site of aldosterone secretion.

    • Question 26: Ingesting salt will increase urine osmolarity. Firing of hypothalamic osmoreceptors would increase, and secretion of vasopressin would increase.

    • Question 27: Increased plasma osmolarity stimulates vasopressin secretion.

    • Question 28: The person who experienced a greater loss of water (sweating) will have a greater increase in vasopressin secretion because sweat is usually hypoosmotic compared to plasma.

    • Question 29: Prolonged exertion in a hot climate increases baroreceptor firing, which increases renin secretion and leads to increased water reabsorption, increased sodium reabsorption.

    • Question 30: Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the cortical collecting ducts.

    • Question 31: Meiosis results in 4 cells with 23 chromosomes each.

    • Question 32: Spermatogenesis begins with the mitotic division of spermatogonia.

    • Question 33: Spermatogenesis from primary spermatocyte to sperm in humans requires participation from Sertoli cells.

    • Question 34: In testicular cancer, if excessive amounts of inhibin are released by the tumor this inhibits FSH but not LH secretion. Thus reduced FSH means spermatogenesis would decrease.

    • Question 35: Increased androgen production by the adrenal glands, as a result of a new medication, is likely to cause new or increased facial hair growth.

    • Question 36: If scarring in the fallopian tubes reduces the diameter by 75%, oocytes may not reach the uterus, compromising the ability for fertilization.

    • Question 37: If the fallopian tubes are severed, ova would not travel to the uterus.

    • Question 38: Progesterone concentrations are low in the first half of the menstrual cycle and increase during the second half.

    • Question 39: If progesterone levels remain at luteal phase levels for six months, menstruations would not occur.

    • Question 40: The follicle continues to grow after day seven, and other follicles undergo atresia. It is selected on day one of the cycle.

    • Question 41: Theca cells produce androgens that stimulate follicle maturation.

    • Question 42: Shedding of the endometrial lining results from a decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels.

    • Question 43: LH stimulates androgen production by theca cells.

    • Question 44: Plasma estrogen high concentration stimulates pituitary sensitivity to GnRH.

    • Question 45: On day 14 of a typical 28-day cycle, LH levels are high, estrogen levels are rising in secretory phase.

    • Question 46: LH converts androgens to estrogens and FSH synthesizes androgens.

    • Question 47: Progesterone levels increase to a peak during the luteal phase.

    • Question 48: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) maintains the corpus luteum during pregnancy.

    • Question 49: The placenta is a place for diffusion and transport of wastes, oxygen, and nutrients between fetal and maternal blood

    • Question 50: Human chorionic gonadotropin, from fetal/placental tissue, maintains the corpus luteum in pregnancy.

    • Question 51: Parturition is the delivery of the infant and placenta.

    • Question 52: An oxytocin agonist given late in pregnancy would induce uterine contractions.

    • Question 53: Oxytocin is regulated by a positive feedback loop.

    • Question 54: Umbilical arteries carry blood with low oxygen and high metabolic waste from the fetus to the placenta

    • Question 55: The immune system destroys bacteria, viruses and nonmicrobial foreign substances

    • Question 56: All innate immune responses will still function if adaptive responses are inhibited.

    • Question 57: Chemotaxis is the chemical attraction of neutrophils to a site of inflammation.

    • Question 58: Cytotoxic T cells (CD8 cells) directly destroy target cells.

    • Question 59: Macrophages, monocytes, and mast cells are phagocytes.

    • Question 60: Lymph nodes and spleen contain large numbers of macrophages and lymphocytes. Lymph nodes contain lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. However, a lymphocyte does not stay in a secondary lymphoid organ for their lifetime.

    • Question 61: You would NOT use red blood cells to isolate class I MHC molecules.

    • Question 62: Helper T cell activity low, while normal helper T cell count means there is an issue with perforin or MHC II proteins, not HIV, which causes helper T cell to be severely reduced.

    • Question 63: Cytotoxic T cells secrete perforin, which kills target cells.

    • Question 64: A bacterium in a macrophage that prevents lysosomal fusion would be in the phagosome.

    • Question 65: A drug that inhibits cytotoxic T cells or B lymphocytes would be useful to treat lupus.

    • Question 66: Antigen is bound by a specific antigen-binding site formed by heavy and light chains.

    • Question 67: Dormant B cells that differentiate during an initial response are called memory cells

    • Question 68: A person of type O blood has both anti-A and anti-B plasma antibodies.

    • Question 69: An Rh-negative fetus may be at risk if the mother is Rh-positive because the fetus's Rh positive blood can trigger antibody production from the mother, which may harm the fetus.

    • Question 70: Transfer of contaminated blood is a route of HIV transmission.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Test 4 Practice Multiple Choice Questions PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on kidney functions and associated conditions with this multiple-choice quiz. Covering various aspects of renal physiology, including filtration processes and regulatory mechanisms, it's perfect for students studying human physiology or medicine.

    More Like This

    How Well Do You Know Your Kidneys?
    6 questions

    How Well Do You Know Your Kidneys?

    CongenialZebra avatar
    CongenialZebra
    Renal Functions and Kidney Structure Quiz
    72 questions

    Renal Functions and Kidney Structure Quiz

    MiraculousMeteor avatar
    MiraculousMeteor
    Week 10- renal physiology
    40 questions

    Week 10- renal physiology

    ResoluteMatrix avatar
    ResoluteMatrix
    Patho rénales 2
    32 questions

    Patho rénales 2

    ExuberantNiobium avatar
    ExuberantNiobium
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser