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Questions and Answers
What percentage of H2O from urine can be reabsorbed by osmosis?
In which part of the collecting duct are urea reabsorption and high ion concentration maintained?
How many nephrons typically merge to form a medullary pyramid?
Which hormone stimulates Na+/K+-ATPase and increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion?
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What is the effect of angiotensin II on efferent arterioles?
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What is the function of natriuretic peptides produced by cardiac cells?
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What is the function of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)?
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What is the shape of the bladder when it is full?
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What is the approximate weight of each human kidney?
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How much urine does the average human produce in 24 hours?
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What is the main function of the renal system?
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What is the purpose of renal tubular reabsorption?
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What is the effect of increased sweating and respiration on renal excretion of fluid?
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What is the role of the glomerular filtration rate?
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What is the purpose of the endocrine control of renal function?
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What is the shape of the human kidney?
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What is the approximate volume of urine in the bladder when the urge to urinate occurs in healthy people?
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What type of muscle makes up the internal urethral sphincter?
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What is the function of the muscular layer in the ureter?
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What is the name of the region in the bladder that outlines the opening of the urethra and ureters?
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What is the type of epithelium that makes up the mucosa of the ureter?
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How many times do most people urinate in 24 hours?
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What is the function of the detrusor muscle in the bladder?
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What is the primary function of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
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What type of cells are present in the macula densa and what is their function?
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What is the name of the fibrous layer that surrounds the ureter and bladder?
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What is the function of the juxtaglomerular cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
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What is the result of the movement of water from the descending limb to the interstitial fluid?
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What is the primary function of the descending limb of the loop of Henle?
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What is the result of the active transport of NaCl out of the ascending limb?
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What is the function of the osmotic pressure gradient in the medulla?
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What is the relationship between the juxtaglomerular apparatus and the glomerulus?
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What is the primary reason oral healthcare practitioners need to understand renal disease processes?
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What is a common oral health issue in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
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Why are the consequences of poor oral health more severe in CKD patients?
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What is the effect of uremic patients' oral health issues on their overall health?
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What is the relationship between kidney disease and oral health?
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What is the impact of poor oral health on patients with chronic kidney disease?
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Why do uremic patients have higher rates of decayed, missing, and filled teeth?
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What is the importance of understanding the normal structure and function of the urinary system for oral healthcare practitioners?
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What is the function of glomerular podocytes in the nephron?
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What is the unit of measurement for glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
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What is the net filtration pressure in the glomerulus?
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What is the significance of the value of Kf in the glomerulus?
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What is the result of a reduced permeability of the glomerular capillary?
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What is the primary function of the detrusor muscle in the bladder?
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What type of epithelium lines the mucosa of the ureter?
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What is the function of the internal urethral sphincter?
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What is the approximate volume of urine in the bladder when the urge to urinate occurs in healthy people?
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What is the name of the fibrous layer that surrounds the ureter and bladder?
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What is the primary function of aldosterone in the cortical collecting tubules?
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Which hormone promotes Na+ retention and stimulates aldosterone?
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What is the primary function of the muscular layer in the ureter?
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What is the effect of PTH on Ca2+ metabolism?
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What is the function of the inner mucosa in the ureter?
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What is the primary function of the Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) in the nephron?
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Which hormone promotes the excretion of sodium ions in the DCT?
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What is the effect of aldosterone on sodium reabsorption in the DCT?
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What is the characteristic of the collecting duct that allows it to play a role in acid-base balance?
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What is the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the collecting duct?
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What is the primary reason for the increased morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to oral health issues?
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What is the commonality between CKD patients and the general population in terms of oral health?
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What is the critical aspect of renal disease processes that oral healthcare practitioners need to understand?
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What is the significance of advanced age, comorbidities, and concurrent medications in CKD patients?
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What is the relationship between kidney disease and oral health in terms of disease progression?
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