Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Quiz

The science of artificial application of water to crops throughout the growth period to attain full maturity or for maximum crop production.

False

<p>Elimination of mixed cropping</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1979 B.S. (1922 A.D.)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1,47,181 km²</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>41,210 km² (28%)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>17,66,000 ha</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Na⁺ / √((Ca⁺⁺ + Mg⁺⁺)/2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low sodium water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High sodium water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surface Irrigation and Sub-surface Irrigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water is applied directly on ground surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water is applied directly in the rootzone of plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Furrow Irrigation method</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural Sub-surface Irrigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water flows freely under action of gravity e.g. flow in canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water is applied by pumping from lower elevation to higher elevation. e.g. well, tubewell etc</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controlled Irrigation: Water is applied to the field throughout the year</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uncontrolled Irrigation: Agricultural land is kept submerged like flood condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water is applied to the field in an uncontrolled way so called as uncontrolled flooding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Land is divided into a number of strips with the help of low levees Each strip is generally of 10 to 20 m in width and 100 to 400 m in length Suitable for some close crops like rice, pastures etc</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most common and widely practiced method in Nepal Area is divided into small plots by low levees called as check areas Check area varies from 0.2 ha to 0.8 ha Suitable method for cereal crops Suitable for more permeable as compared to border and free flooding method</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most suitable method for orchard farming or gardening Basins are made around one or more trees in shape of square, circular etc. but circular is more common so called as Ring basin method Basins are kept submerged This method economise water considerably.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suitable method for row crops like potatoes, onions, sugarcane etc Furrows are narrow ditches excavated between rows of plants Furrow/ditches carry water and crops are planted on ridges Depth of furrows varies from 8 cm to 30 cm and about 400 m long About 20% to 50% i.e one-fifth to one half of the land is wetted by water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water is slowly and directly applied to the root zone of plants through the nozzles present in the pipe network buried under surface Water is applied drop by drop at the rate of 2 lit/hr to 10 lit/hr This method has highest water application efficiency of more than 90% Suitable for any type of land topography Suitable in water scarce area Suitable for fruits vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water is sprayed to crops in form of artificial rain Suitable for any type of land Topography Suitable at water scarce area with pressure Pressure of rotating head is 1.4 kg/cm² to 2.1 kg/cm² Having high water application efficiency of 80 to 85 % Suitable where W.T is high Suitable for light soil having high infiltration rate Strong wind disturbs sprinkling pattern Suitable for fruits, vegetables, coffee, tea etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irrigation done before sowing for land preparation is called as paleo irrigation. It helps in initial growth of plant upto few cm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First watering after sowing when the plant has grown few cm is called as kor-watering. It is usually maximum single watering followed by other watering at regular interval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depth of kor-watering is called kor-depth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Time period between sowing and kor-watering is called as kor-period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The time period between sowing of crop to its harvest is called crop period and is expressed in days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Time between the first watering of a crop after sowing to the last watering before harvesting is called Base period. It is expressed in days and represented by B.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The total depth of water, in cm, required by a crop to come to maturity is called delta (Δ).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Duty of water is defined as the hectares of land that can be irrigated by a constant supply of water at one cumecs (m³/s) throughout the base period (B).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Δ = 8.64 * (B/D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Δ = 1.985 * (B/D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depth of kor-watering is called kor-depth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Akor = 8.64 * (Bkor / Outlet factor)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kharif crop season and Rabi crop season.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>April to September</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>October to March</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bajra</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wheat</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wheat</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tea</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2-4 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>775 ha/cumecs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>90 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3-8 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1800 ha/cumecs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>100 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>800 ha/cumecs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>150 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>140 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>100 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>80 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>110 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2000 ha/cumecs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total area that can be irrigated when design discharge is always available</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Part of GCA in which cultivation is possible 70% to 80% of GCA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Part of GCA in which cultivation is not possible E.g building, bridge, barren land, River etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That part of CCA which is cultivated during present season.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That part of CCA which is not cultivated during present season</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The area that can be irrigated by canal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Percentage of the CCA purposed to be irrigated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Annual IOI = (IOI)ᵣ + (IOI)ₖ</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The extra discharge required to mature the crop which extends from one season to another season is called as overlap allowance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defined as the ratio of mean supply discharge in a canal to its design discharge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defined as the ratio of actual operating period of canal to the crop period/Base period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defined as the ratio of area irrigated during base period to design discharge at the head of canal. Also called as Duty on Capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>D = 8.64 * (B/Δ)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difference of water content between field capacity and permanent wilting point</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The portion of AMC that is most easily extracted by plants is called RAM. It is generally taken as 75% to 80% of AMC</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maximum water level upto which Moisture may be allowed to be depleted in root zone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water required to bring soil at a given water content to its field capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>d = (¥d<em>D</em>FC) / Yw</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ETcrop mm/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irrigation interval = Depth of water required / ETcrop</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Time interval between two consecutive watering is called as frequency of irrigation (FOI) or Rotation period</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ratio of water delivered to the fields to the water diverted into can</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>nc = (Wf / Wc) * 100</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ratio of the quantity of water stored in the root zone of the plants to the quantity of water delivered to the field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>na = (Wsrz / Wf) * 100</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ratio of quantity of water beneficially used by plant to the quantity of water delivered to the field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>nu = (Wu / Wf) * 100</p> Signup and view all the answers