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Questions and Answers
What is the main difference between open channel flow and pipe flow?
What is the main difference between open channel flow and pipe flow?
What are the basic equations used for water flow in open channels?
What are the basic equations used for water flow in open channels?
What is the purpose of lining a channel?
What is the purpose of lining a channel?
How does the size required to convey a specified flow rate in a lined channel compare to that in an unlined channel?
How does the size required to convey a specified flow rate in a lined channel compare to that in an unlined channel?
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From where do open channels receive water?
From where do open channels receive water?
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In which conduits is irrigation water conveyed?
In which conduits is irrigation water conveyed?
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What type of channel is defined as a channel in which the flow transports sediment having the same characteristics as that of the material in the channel bottom?
What type of channel is defined as a channel in which the flow transports sediment having the same characteristics as that of the material in the channel bottom?
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What approach for the design of stable alluvial channels is more rational and utilizes the laws governing sediment transport and resistance to flow?
What approach for the design of stable alluvial channels is more rational and utilizes the laws governing sediment transport and resistance to flow?
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What does the regime theory for the design of stable alluvial channels rely on and was developed based on?
What does the regime theory for the design of stable alluvial channels rely on and was developed based on?
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What should be kept low in erodible channels to prevent erosion of the channel bottom and sides?
What should be kept low in erodible channels to prevent erosion of the channel bottom and sides?
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What happens if the velocity becomes less than the critical velocity in a canal?
What happens if the velocity becomes less than the critical velocity in a canal?
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Which type of soil is mentioned as one through which canals may be excavated?
Which type of soil is mentioned as one through which canals may be excavated?
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What is crucial to consider in the design of a canal for non-alluvial soil?
What is crucial to consider in the design of a canal for non-alluvial soil?
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What is typically considered to be applicable to channels carrying sediment load with a concentration less than 500 ppm by weight?
What is typically considered to be applicable to channels carrying sediment load with a concentration less than 500 ppm by weight?
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What type of channel may be more economical than an unlined channel in some cases?
What type of channel may be more economical than an unlined channel in some cases?
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Which approach for the design of stable alluvial channels is purely empirical in nature and was developed based on observations on a number of irrigation canals?
Which approach for the design of stable alluvial channels is purely empirical in nature and was developed based on observations on a number of irrigation canals?
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Study Notes
Open Channel Flow vs Pipe Flow
- The main difference between open channel flow and pipe flow is the presence of a free surface in open channels, whereas pipe flow is under pressure.
Open Channel Equations
- The basic equations used for water flow in open channels are the equations of continuity and motion.
Channel Lining
- The purpose of lining a channel is to reduce water loss, prevent erosion, and increase the flow rate.
- A lined channel requires a smaller size to convey a specified flow rate compared to an unlined channel.
Open Channel Characteristics
- Open channels receive water from rain, melting snow, and groundwater.
- Irrigation water is conveyed in lined or unlined canals.
Channel Types
- A stable channel is defined as a channel in which the flow transports sediment having the same characteristics as that of the material in the channel bottom.
Design of Stable Alluvial Channels
- The rational approach for the design of stable alluvial channels utilizes the laws governing sediment transport and resistance to flow.
- The regime theory for the design of stable alluvial channels relies on observations of natural rivers and was developed based on empirical data.
Erodible Channels
- To prevent erosion of the channel bottom and sides in erodible channels, the velocity should be kept low.
Canal Velocity
- If the velocity becomes less than the critical velocity in a canal, sediment deposition occurs.
Canal Design
- In erodible channels, the type of soil is crucial to consider, as canals may be excavated through soil such as clay.
- In non-alluvial soil, the canal design should consider the canal's ability to resist erosion.
Sediment Load
- The regime theory is typically applicable to channels carrying sediment load with a concentration less than 500 ppm by weight.
Channel Types
- A lined channel may be more economical than an unlined channel in some cases.
- The empirical approach for the design of stable alluvial channels was developed based on observations on a number of irrigation canals.
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Description
Test your knowledge of alluvial channel design and open channel flow in irrigation engineering with this quiz based on the teachings of Dr. Mohan Lal from GB Pant University of Agriculture & Technology. Learn about the differences between open channel and pipe flow, as well as the conveyance of irrigation water in open channels and closed conduits.
