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Questions and Answers
What is the shape of the medial border of each kidney?
What is the shape of the medial border of each kidney?
What structure is located near the center of each kidney?
What structure is located near the center of each kidney?
Which surface of the kidney is described as convex?
Which surface of the kidney is described as convex?
What surrounds each kidney and provides protection?
What surrounds each kidney and provides protection?
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The renal hilum is primarily associated with which function?
The renal hilum is primarily associated with which function?
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What is the primary function of the adipose capsule surrounding the renal capsule?
What is the primary function of the adipose capsule surrounding the renal capsule?
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In which layer is the adipose capsule located with respect to the renal capsule?
In which layer is the adipose capsule located with respect to the renal capsule?
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What is the primary function of the renal fascia?
What is the primary function of the renal fascia?
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What type of tissue primarily composes the adipose capsule?
What type of tissue primarily composes the adipose capsule?
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What would likely be a consequence of damage to the adipose capsule surrounding the kidneys?
What would likely be a consequence of damage to the adipose capsule surrounding the kidneys?
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Which type of tissue makes up the renal fascia?
Which type of tissue makes up the renal fascia?
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The renal fascia is an extension of which anatomical structure?
The renal fascia is an extension of which anatomical structure?
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What role does the adipose capsule NOT play in relation to the kidneys?
What role does the adipose capsule NOT play in relation to the kidneys?
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What is the relationship between the renal fascia and the abdominal wall?
What is the relationship between the renal fascia and the abdominal wall?
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How does the renal fascia differ from the renal capsule?
How does the renal fascia differ from the renal capsule?
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What must happen to the filtrate before it becomes final urine?
What must happen to the filtrate before it becomes final urine?
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Which substances are primarily left in the urine after reabsorption?
Which substances are primarily left in the urine after reabsorption?
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What happens to most of the substances present in the filtrate?
What happens to most of the substances present in the filtrate?
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What is primarily excreted in the final urine?
What is primarily excreted in the final urine?
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Which of the following does NOT remain in the final urine?
Which of the following does NOT remain in the final urine?
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What is the location of the thick part of the loop of Henle?
What is the location of the thick part of the loop of Henle?
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Which statement describes the thin part of the loop of Henle?
Which statement describes the thin part of the loop of Henle?
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Which part of the loop of Henle is NOT found in the medulla?
Which part of the loop of Henle is NOT found in the medulla?
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What anatomical feature does the loop of Henle consist of?
What anatomical feature does the loop of Henle consist of?
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Where does the thin part of the loop of Henle primarily function?
Where does the thin part of the loop of Henle primarily function?
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What is a distinguishing feature of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) lumen compared to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) lumen?
What is a distinguishing feature of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) lumen compared to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) lumen?
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Which statement accurately describes the microvilli in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)?
Which statement accurately describes the microvilli in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)?
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How does the lumen size of the DCT compare to the lumen size of the PCT?
How does the lumen size of the DCT compare to the lumen size of the PCT?
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What is a primary function of microvilli in the PCT?
What is a primary function of microvilli in the PCT?
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Which structural characteristic is NOT associated with the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)?
Which structural characteristic is NOT associated with the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Histology
- Sheet number: 21
- Year: 2024
- Written by: Baree abu ghanam
- Edited by: Jeyad Alkhzouz
- Doctor: Ghada abu el ghanam
Urinary System
- Consists of paired kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
- Primary role: Ensures optimal blood properties, filters wastes, excretes via urine
- Urine travels through ureters to bladder, then urethra for excretion
Kidneys
- Anatomy: Reddish, bean-shaped, located above waist, between peritoneum and posterior abdominal wall.
- Position: Between levels T12 and L3; partially protected by ribs 11 and 12.
- Right kidney: Lower than left, due to right lobe of liver pushing it down.
External Kidney Anatomy
- Length: 10-12 cm
- Width: 5-7 cm
- Thickness: 3 cm
- Weight: 135-150g
- Concave medial border, facing vertebral column (hilum)
- Convex lateral surface
- Covered by thin fibrous capsule
- Renal hilum: Center, where ureters, renal artery, and vein enter/exit.
- Cortex: Darker staining.
- Medulla: Light staining, organized into renal pyramids.
- Minor calyx: Attached to each renal pyramid.
- Renal pyramid: conical region of medulla
Internal Kidney Anatomy
- Renal cortex: Superficial, light-red region; from capsule to renal pyramids; contains corpuscles and tubules.
- Renal medulla: Inner, darker reddish-brown region; composed of renal pyramids (8-15).
- Renal pyramids: Cone-shaped structures with bases facing cortex, apices (tips) facing renal pelvis (renal hilum).
- Renal papilla: Tip of renal pyramid, projects into minor calyx.
- Renal lobe: Renal pyramid + cortex + part of renal column.
- Parenchyma: Renal cortex + renal pyramids.
- Renal columns: Extensions of cortex between renal pyramids.
Nephron (Functional Unit)
- A. Renal corpuscle: Contains glomerulus (capillary network) and Bowman's capsule.
- Located in the cortex.
- Glomerulus: Blood filtration occurs.
- Bowman's capsule: Collects filtrate.
Renal Tubule
- Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT): Long convoluted portion in the cortex; contains microvilli, for reabsorption.
- Loop of Henle: Thin and thick parts, in medulla. Descending limb simple squamous, ascending limb simple cuboidal to low columnar.
- Distal convoluted tubule (DCT): Curved portion that extends from loop of Henle to collecting ducts.
- Collecting duct: Converges from several nephrons, passes into the renal pelvis and then the ureters, emptying into the bladder.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of the urinary system, focusing on the anatomy and functions of the kidneys. Explore key aspects such as the structure of the kidneys, their location, and their vital role in maintaining blood properties and waste excretion. Perfect for students studying histology or related biomedical fields.
