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Questions and Answers
Label the structures of the kidney.
Label the structures of the kidney.
Label the structures of a nephron in the figure.
Label the structures of a nephron in the figure.
Correctly label the following components of the urinary system.
Correctly label the following components of the urinary system.
Correctly label the parts of a renal corpuscle.
Correctly label the parts of a renal corpuscle.
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Correctly label the anatomical structures of the female urethra and urinary bladder.
Correctly label the anatomical structures of the female urethra and urinary bladder.
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Correctly label the anatomical parts of the male urethra and urinary bladder.
Correctly label the anatomical parts of the male urethra and urinary bladder.
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Label the parts of the urinary system and notice how they relate to other surrounding structures.
Label the parts of the urinary system and notice how they relate to other surrounding structures.
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Label the structures of the urinary system using the hints provided.
Label the structures of the urinary system using the hints provided.
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The ____________ is the outer part that functions in blood filtration.
The ____________ is the outer part that functions in blood filtration.
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The renal ____________ is the medial most portion that is filled with vessels and the renal calyces.
The renal ____________ is the medial most portion that is filled with vessels and the renal calyces.
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The ____________ is the inner part kidney tissue that functions in tubular reabsorption and secretion.
The ____________ is the inner part kidney tissue that functions in tubular reabsorption and secretion.
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Place the following structures in order as urine passes through them.
Place the following structures in order as urine passes through them.
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The functional filtration unit of the kidney is the ____________.
The functional filtration unit of the kidney is the ____________.
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What is the correct branching sequence of arteries in the kidney?
What is the correct branching sequence of arteries in the kidney?
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The junction of the renal medulla and renal cortex is called the ____________.
The junction of the renal medulla and renal cortex is called the ____________.
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The major calices merge to form a single, funnel-shaped ____________.
The major calices merge to form a single, funnel-shaped ____________.
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Blood vessels, nerves and the renal pelvis enter/exit the kidney at the ____________.
Blood vessels, nerves and the renal pelvis enter/exit the kidney at the ____________.
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The two components of a nephron are the ____________.
The two components of a nephron are the ____________.
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Filtration occurs in the renal corpuscle.
Filtration occurs in the renal corpuscle.
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What is the correct sequence for parts of the renal tubule?
What is the correct sequence for parts of the renal tubule?
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Cortical nephrons can be distinguished from juxtamedullary nephrons by ____________.
Cortical nephrons can be distinguished from juxtamedullary nephrons by ____________.
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The juxtaglomerular apparatus ____________.
The juxtaglomerular apparatus ____________.
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The main functions of the urinary system are ____________.
The main functions of the urinary system are ____________.
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Blood vessels and the renal calices are located in the ____________.
Blood vessels and the renal calices are located in the ____________.
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The renal cortex is more superficial than the renal medulla.
The renal cortex is more superficial than the renal medulla.
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Urine is propelled along the ureters by peristaltic waves of muscular contractions.
Urine is propelled along the ureters by peristaltic waves of muscular contractions.
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What is the collective name for the layers of muscle in the wall of the urinary bladder?
What is the collective name for the layers of muscle in the wall of the urinary bladder?
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An obstruction in the ____________ would prevent urine from leaving the kidney.
An obstruction in the ____________ would prevent urine from leaving the kidney.
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Urine directly exits the body via the ____________.
Urine directly exits the body via the ____________.
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The ____________ receives urine from the renal pyramid.
The ____________ receives urine from the renal pyramid.
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The portion of the kidney in direct contact with the renal capsule is the ____________.
The portion of the kidney in direct contact with the renal capsule is the ____________.
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The ureter and the renal artery and vein enter the kidney through the opening known as the ____________.
The ureter and the renal artery and vein enter the kidney through the opening known as the ____________.
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The renal corpuscle consists of a capillary called the ____________ and a capsule of epithelial cells.
The renal corpuscle consists of a capillary called the ____________ and a capsule of epithelial cells.
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A virus that specifically attacks ____________ would damage the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule.
A virus that specifically attacks ____________ would damage the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule.
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Glomerular filtrate collects in the ____________ before entering the first portion of the renal tubule, called the ____________.
Glomerular filtrate collects in the ____________ before entering the first portion of the renal tubule, called the ____________.
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A blockage in the ____________ would prevent filtrate from reaching the collecting duct.
A blockage in the ____________ would prevent filtrate from reaching the collecting duct.
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If an electron micrograph of a nephron segment revealed very highly developed microvilli, then you are most likely looking at cells of the ____________.
If an electron micrograph of a nephron segment revealed very highly developed microvilli, then you are most likely looking at cells of the ____________.
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Nephrons that have very long loops are classified as ____________ nephrons.
Nephrons that have very long loops are classified as ____________ nephrons.
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The ____________ receives the filtrate from the DCTs of several nephrons and funnels it toward the ____________.
The ____________ receives the filtrate from the DCTs of several nephrons and funnels it toward the ____________.
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The filtrate is funneled into the ____________, the end of the nephron.
The filtrate is funneled into the ____________, the end of the nephron.
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From there, the filtrate flows into the ____________ of the ____________, the first part of the U-shaped portion of the tubule found mostly in the medulla.
From there, the filtrate flows into the ____________ of the ____________, the first part of the U-shaped portion of the tubule found mostly in the medulla.
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Next, the filtrate makes a 180 degree turn into the ____________, returning to the renal cortex.
Next, the filtrate makes a 180 degree turn into the ____________, returning to the renal cortex.
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The glomerular capsule leads into the ____________, the longest and most coiled of the four regions of the renal tubule.
The glomerular capsule leads into the ____________, the longest and most coiled of the four regions of the renal tubule.
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Which of the following is true concerning the location of the kidneys?
Which of the following is true concerning the location of the kidneys?
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A renal corpuscle includes the ____________.
A renal corpuscle includes the ____________.
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Which of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which urine flows after its formation in the nephron?
Which of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which urine flows after its formation in the nephron?
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In the kidneys, blood goes from the afferent arterioles to the ___________, and then enters the _______________, which then delivers the blood to the ___________.
In the kidneys, blood goes from the afferent arterioles to the ___________, and then enters the _______________, which then delivers the blood to the ___________.
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Each kidney is surrounded and supported by several tissue layers. From innermost (closest to the kidney) to outermost, these layers are the ____________.
Each kidney is surrounded and supported by several tissue layers. From innermost (closest to the kidney) to outermost, these layers are the ____________.
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Match the two distinct regions of the kidney and the components associated with each region.
Match the two distinct regions of the kidney and the components associated with each region.
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Explain the order of kidney structures (and thus urine flow) leaving the renal papilla until reaching the urinary bladder.
Explain the order of kidney structures (and thus urine flow) leaving the renal papilla until reaching the urinary bladder.
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Study Notes
Kidney Structures
- Cortex: The outer layer of the kidney responsible for blood filtration.
- Medulla: Inner kidney tissue involved in tubular reabsorption and secretion.
- Renal Sinus: Houses blood vessels, nerves, and renal calyces.
- Hilum: Entry and exit point for blood vessels, nerves, and the renal pelvis.
- Renal Pelvis: Funnel-shaped structure that collects urine from the major calyces.
- Corticomedullary Junction: Interface between the renal cortex and medulla.
Nephron Components
- A nephron consists of two main parts: the renal corpuscle and renal tubule.
- Renal Corpuscle: Composed of the glomerulus (capillary network) and the glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule).
- Nephrons: Cortical nephrons (located mainly in the cortex) and juxtamedullary nephrons (with long loops in the medulla).
Urinary System Structures
- Urine flow: kidneys → ureter → urinary bladder → urethra.
- Ureters transport urine via peristaltic waves.
- Detrusor Muscle: Collective muscular layer of the urinary bladder wall.
Renal Blood Supply
- Blood supply path: Renal artery → segmental arteries → interlobar arteries.
- Blood flow: Afferent arterioles → glomerulus → efferent arterioles → peritubular capillaries.
Urine Formation and Flow
- Glomerular filtration occurs in the renal corpuscle, leading to capsular space and proximal tubule.
- Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) connects to the collecting duct, leading to the renal pyramid.
- Filtrate exits the nephron through the DCT and flows into the descending limb of the nephron loop.
Obstruction and Disorders
- Obstruction in the renal pelvis prevents urine from leaving the kidney.
- Issues with podocytes can damage the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule.
Miscellaneous Key Points
- Major calyces merge to form the renal pelvis.
- Renal corpuscle functions in the initial filtration of blood.
- Highly developed microvilli in nephron segments indicate specialized functions, primarily in the proximal convoluted tubule.
- Juxtaglomerular apparatus monitors sodium concentration and adjusts glomerular filtration rate.
- Kidneys are positioned behind the parietal peritoneum, offering some protective structure.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the urinary system's anatomy with this quiz. You'll label various structures, including the kidney, nephron, renal corpuscle, and components of the female urethra. Perfect for anatomy students or anyone looking to sharpen their understanding of the urinary system.
