Podcast
Questions and Answers
What primary subject does the introduction of histology focus on?
What primary subject does the introduction of histology focus on?
- Genetics
- Organismal Physiology
- Molecular Biology
- Cytology (correct)
Who presented the introduction of histology?
Who presented the introduction of histology?
- Dr. Ahmed Salim
- Dr. Fatima Alhassan
- Dr. Ibrahim Albadrabi (correct)
- Dr. Sara Mohamed
What degree does Dr. Ibrahim Albadrabi hold?
What degree does Dr. Ibrahim Albadrabi hold?
- Ph.D.
- MB.BS, MD
- MB.BS, M.Sc. (correct)
- MD, Ph.D.
Which of the following is NOT typically studied within histology?
Which of the following is NOT typically studied within histology?
In what area of study would cytology be primarily categorized?
In what area of study would cytology be primarily categorized?
What are the primary levels of structural organization in human anatomy?
What are the primary levels of structural organization in human anatomy?
Which kind of anatomy focuses on the study of organs and their systems?
Which kind of anatomy focuses on the study of organs and their systems?
What is the primary focus of regional anatomy?
What is the primary focus of regional anatomy?
Which type of anatomy involves the examination of structures not visible to the naked eye?
Which type of anatomy involves the examination of structures not visible to the naked eye?
Identify the correct order of structural organization from simplest to most complex.
Identify the correct order of structural organization from simplest to most complex.
What does the term 'anatomy' specifically refer to?
What does the term 'anatomy' specifically refer to?
Which type of anatomy focuses on the study of cells?
Which type of anatomy focuses on the study of cells?
Which level of structural organization is composed of similar types of cells?
Which level of structural organization is composed of similar types of cells?
What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following correctly describes an organ?
Which of the following correctly describes an organ?
What is the common size range for cells?
What is the common size range for cells?
Which of the following describes a cuboidal cell?
Which of the following describes a cuboidal cell?
Which of the following cell components is present in every cell?
Which of the following cell components is present in every cell?
What term is used to describe flat cells?
What term is used to describe flat cells?
What is the shape of a stellate cell?
What is the shape of a stellate cell?
What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
Which of the following organelles is NOT associated with the endoplasmic reticulum?
Which of the following organelles is NOT associated with the endoplasmic reticulum?
Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of proteins?
Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of proteins?
What role do centrioles play in a cell?
What role do centrioles play in a cell?
What is one function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
What is one function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
What is the composition of the plasma membrane?
What is the composition of the plasma membrane?
What type of substance is cytoplasm?
What type of substance is cytoplasm?
Which of the following best describes the location of cytoplasm?
Which of the following best describes the location of cytoplasm?
What role does the plasma membrane play in cell structure?
What role does the plasma membrane play in cell structure?
Flashcards
Histology Introduction
Histology Introduction
A study of the microscopic structures of tissues.
Cytology
Cytology
Study of cells.
Dr. Ibrahim Albadrabi
Dr. Ibrahim Albadrabi
Presenter of the introduction to Histology and Cytology.
MBBS
MBBS
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MSc
MSc
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Kinds of anatomy
Kinds of anatomy
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Structural levels of organization
Structural levels of organization
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Human Anatomy
Human Anatomy
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Arab Board
Arab Board
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Registrar
Registrar
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Prokaryotic cell
Prokaryotic cell
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Eukaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell
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Cell
Cell
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Cell size range
Cell size range
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Cell shapes
Cell shapes
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Cell components
Cell components
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Squamous cell shape
Squamous cell shape
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Cuboidal cell shape
Cuboidal cell shape
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RER Function
RER Function
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SER Function
SER Function
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Ribosomes
Ribosomes
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Lysosomes
Lysosomes
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Centrioles
Centrioles
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Plasma Membrane
Plasma Membrane
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Phospholipids
Phospholipids
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Proteins in Plasma Membrane
Proteins in Plasma Membrane
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Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
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Organelles
Organelles
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Study Notes
Introduction to Histology and Cytology
- Histology and cytology are presented by Dr. Ibrahim Albadrabi, specializing in human anatomy, a registrar of surgery (urology), and certified by the Arab board.
Objectives
- Students will learn about the different types of anatomy
- Students will learn about the structural levels of organization
- Students will learn about the cell
A First Look at Anatomy
- Anatomy is the study of structure.
- The word "anatomy" comes from Greek and means "to cut up" or "to cut open."
Kinds of Anatomy
- Gross anatomy
- Microscopic anatomy
- Developmental anatomy
- Comparative anatomy
Microscopic Anatomy
- Definition: Microscopic anatomy focuses on the structures that can be seen with an assisted eye
- Kinds
- Cytology: the study of cells -Histology: the study of tissues
Structural Levels of Organization
- Chemical: atoms combine to form molecules
- Cellular: cells are made up of molecules
- Tissue: consists of similar types of cells
- Organ: made up of different types of tissues
- System: consists of different organs working together
- Organismal: made up of the organ systems
The Cell
- Two fundamentally different types of cells exist:
- Prokaryotic: Found only in bacteria.
- Eukaryotic: Larger and have a distinct nucleus surrounded by a nuclear envelope.
- Cells are the structural units of the body.
- Cell size varies widely, typically ranging from 3-20µm (yolk is a cell about 4 cm).
- Cells come in various shapes:
- Squamous (flat)
- Cuboidal
- Columnar
- Stellate
- Fusiform
The Cell (Continued)
- All cells contain cytoplasm and a nucleus.
- Exceptions exist (e.g., red blood cells have no nucleus).
The Cytoplasm
- Semi-liquid, viscous material
- Contains:
- Organelles
- Deposits/Inclusions
Organelles
- Cell membrane (selective barrier, maintaining a constant intracellular environment)
- Mitochondria: Produce energy for the cell, having their own DNA
- Golgi body/complex: Modifies and packages products synthesized by the cell
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER): segregates proteins not intended for the cytosol
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
- Ribosomes, lysosomes, centrioles, filaments, and fibers
Deposits/Inclusions
- Temporary components of the cytoplasm (e.g., lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, granules)
Nucleus
- Composed of:
- Nuclear envelope
- Nucleolus
- Chromatin
- Nuclear matrix
References
- Junqueira's Basic Histology (11th Edition)
- Histology Part 1 for Medical Students (New Edition, with coloured plates and electron micrographs by Professor Zakaria Abd-Elhamid)
General Cell Structure & Function
- Plasma (cell) membrane: Double layer of phospholipids in which proteins are embedded. Surrounds the cell, controls entry and exit of materials.
- Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus. Houses organelles and enables chemical reactions.
- Nucleus: Double-layered membrane (nuclear envelope) surrounding the nucleus, controls passage of substances in and out. Includes:
- Nucleolus: Produces ribosomal RNA.
- Chromatin: Fibrous protein strands containing DNA and determines cell protein production.
Cytoplasmic Organelles: Structure & Function
-
Various organelles perform specific functions:
-
Endoplasmic Reticulum: system of interconnected canals and tubules
-
Ribosomes: granular particles composed of protein and RNA, protein synthesis
-
Golgi Complex: cluster of flattened membranous sacs, modifies and packages molecules for secretion
-
Mitochondria: membranous sacs with folded inner partitions, releases energy from food molecules
-
Lysosomes: membranous sacs, digests foreign molecules and damaged organelles
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts in histology and anatomy, including structural organization, types of anatomy, and cell categorization. Test your knowledge on eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, as well as the focus areas of regional and organ anatomy.
