Histology and Cell Biology: Digestive Glands I

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of saliva in the oral cavity?

Lubrication, control of bacterial flora, and cleansing action

What is the average daily production of saliva?

1.0 to 1.2 liters

What is the primary function of the striated ducts in the submandibular gland?

Removal of sodium and chloride ions

What type of solution is saliva?

Hypotonic solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of salivary amylase in saliva?

Breakdown of carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the region of the pancreas with the highest concentration of endocrine tissue?

Tail Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the intercalated ducts in the submandibular gland?

Addition of bicarbonate ions Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are found in the islet of Langerhans?

Endocrine cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue composes the capsule of the pancreas?

Delicate connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the septa in the pancreas?

To convey blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and ducts Signup and view all the answers

What type of gland is the exocrine pancreas classified as?

Serous gland Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are found in the center of the acini?

Centroacinar cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of acinar cells?

Pyramidal Signup and view all the answers

Where are the secretory granules located in the acinar cell?

Apical region Signup and view all the answers

What structure is associated with the secretory granules in the acinar cell?

Golgi complex Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the intercalated duct in the pancreas?

Partly penetrates the acini Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of the sublingual gland?

Mixed, compound tubuloalveolar gland Signup and view all the answers

Where are the extrinsic glands of the digestive system located?

Outside the wall of the alimentary canal Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the mucous cells in the acini?

Pyramidal Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the serous demilunes?

To deliver secretions into the spaces between mucous cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the extrinsic glands?

To provide enzymes, buffers, emulsifiers, and lubricants for the digestive tract Signup and view all the answers

What type of gland is the parotid gland?

Tubuloalveolar gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the striated ducts?

Have basal striations that parallel the longitudinal axis of the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the capsule of the parotid gland formed by?

Superficial cervical fascia Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the sublingual gland?

Mucous cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the trabeculae in the parotid gland?

To convey blood and lymph vessels, ducts, and nerves into the substance of the gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the serous demilunes?

Peripheral to the mucous acini Signup and view all the answers

What is the appearance of the mucous cells under a light microscope?

Pale blue cells with a frothy appearance Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are the acinar cells in the parotid gland?

Pyramidal cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the myoepithelial cells in the parotid gland?

Stellate shaped Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the organelles in the mucous cells?

Between the granules and the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which duct is the largest in the parotid gland?

Stensen's duct Signup and view all the answers

Where are alpha cells preferentially positioned in the islet?

At the periphery of the islet Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of beta cell granules?

Small with an irregular dense core Signup and view all the answers

What hormone does delta1 cells produce?

Somatostatin Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glucagon?

Elevates blood glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of somatostatin?

Reduces the release of insulin and glucagon Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is produced by G cells?

Gastrin Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Submandibular Gland

Composed mostly of serous acini, but also has groups of mucous acini with serous demilunes
Contains both pure serous and mixed secretory units
Intercalated ducts are short, while striated ducts are long and clearly evident

Saliva

Average daily production is 1.0 to 1.2 liters
Functions:
- Protects the oral cavity through lubrication, control of bacterial flora, and cleansing action
- Assists in taste sensation
- Initiates digestion of carbohydrates via salivary amylase
Primary secretion resembles extracellular fluid
Final secretion:
- Intercalated ducts deliver bicarbonate ions into the saliva
- Striated ducts remove sodium and chloride ions from the luminal fluid and actively pump potassium ions into it
- Saliva is a hypotonic solution

Pancreas

Retroperitoneal gland that produces both exocrine and endocrine secretions
Subdivided into the following regions: head, uncinate process, neck, body, and tail
Tail contains the highest concentration of endocrine tissue (islets of Langerhans)

Exocrine Pancreas

Classification: purely serous, compound tubuloalveolar gland
Acini:
- Only serous, with centers containing centroacinar cells
- Centroacinar cells form the beginning of the duct system in the pancreas
Intercellular canaliculi lead from between acinar cells to the lumen of the acinus
Acinar cells:
- Pyramidal in shape with a round nucleus that is basally located
- Basal region is strongly basophilic
- Apical region is densely packed with secretory granules (zymogen granules)

Digestive Glands

Extrinsic glands of the digestive system:
- Salivary glands (parotid, sublingual, and submandibular)
- Pancreas
- Liver
Provide enzymes, buffers, emulsifiers, and lubricants for the digestive tract, as well as hormones, proteins, globulins, and numerous additional products for the remainder of the body

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