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Histology and Cell Biology: Digestive Glands I
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Histology and Cell Biology: Digestive Glands I

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of saliva in the oral cavity?

  • Digestion of proteins
  • Lubrication, control of bacterial flora, and cleansing action (correct)
  • Production of hormones
  • Regulation of body temperature
  • What is the average daily production of saliva?

  • 2.5 to 3.0 liters
  • 0.5 to 1.0 liters
  • 1.5 to 2.0 liters
  • 1.0 to 1.2 liters (correct)
  • What is the primary function of the striated ducts in the submandibular gland?

  • Removal of sodium and chloride ions (correct)
  • Storage of saliva
  • Addition of bicarbonate ions
  • Production of enzymes
  • What type of solution is saliva?

    <p>Hypotonic solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of salivary amylase in saliva?

    <p>Breakdown of carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the region of the pancreas with the highest concentration of endocrine tissue?

    <p>Tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the intercalated ducts in the submandibular gland?

    <p>Addition of bicarbonate ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are found in the islet of Langerhans?

    <p>Endocrine cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue composes the capsule of the pancreas?

    <p>Delicate connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the septa in the pancreas?

    <p>To convey blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gland is the exocrine pancreas classified as?

    <p>Serous gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are found in the center of the acini?

    <p>Centroacinar cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of acinar cells?

    <p>Pyramidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the secretory granules located in the acinar cell?

    <p>Apical region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is associated with the secretory granules in the acinar cell?

    <p>Golgi complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the intercalated duct in the pancreas?

    <p>Partly penetrates the acini</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of the sublingual gland?

    <p>Mixed, compound tubuloalveolar gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the extrinsic glands of the digestive system located?

    <p>Outside the wall of the alimentary canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the mucous cells in the acini?

    <p>Pyramidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the serous demilunes?

    <p>To deliver secretions into the spaces between mucous cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the extrinsic glands?

    <p>To provide enzymes, buffers, emulsifiers, and lubricants for the digestive tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gland is the parotid gland?

    <p>Tubuloalveolar gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the striated ducts?

    <p>Have basal striations that parallel the longitudinal axis of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the capsule of the parotid gland formed by?

    <p>Superficial cervical fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the sublingual gland?

    <p>Mucous cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the trabeculae in the parotid gland?

    <p>To convey blood and lymph vessels, ducts, and nerves into the substance of the gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the serous demilunes?

    <p>Peripheral to the mucous acini</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appearance of the mucous cells under a light microscope?

    <p>Pale blue cells with a frothy appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are the acinar cells in the parotid gland?

    <p>Pyramidal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the myoepithelial cells in the parotid gland?

    <p>Stellate shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the organelles in the mucous cells?

    <p>Between the granules and the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which duct is the largest in the parotid gland?

    <p>Stensen's duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are alpha cells preferentially positioned in the islet?

    <p>At the periphery of the islet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of beta cell granules?

    <p>Small with an irregular dense core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone does delta1 cells produce?

    <p>Somatostatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of glucagon?

    <p>Elevates blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of somatostatin?

    <p>Reduces the release of insulin and glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is produced by G cells?

    <p>Gastrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Submandibular Gland

    • Composed mostly of serous acini, but also has groups of mucous acini with serous demilunes
    • Contains both pure serous and mixed secretory units
    • Intercalated ducts are short, while striated ducts are long and clearly evident

    Saliva

    • Average daily production is 1.0 to 1.2 liters
    • Functions:
      • Protects the oral cavity through lubrication, control of bacterial flora, and cleansing action
      • Assists in taste sensation
      • Initiates digestion of carbohydrates via salivary amylase
    • Primary secretion resembles extracellular fluid
    • Final secretion:
      • Intercalated ducts deliver bicarbonate ions into the saliva
      • Striated ducts remove sodium and chloride ions from the luminal fluid and actively pump potassium ions into it
      • Saliva is a hypotonic solution

    Pancreas

    • Retroperitoneal gland that produces both exocrine and endocrine secretions
    • Subdivided into the following regions: head, uncinate process, neck, body, and tail
    • Tail contains the highest concentration of endocrine tissue (islets of Langerhans)

    Exocrine Pancreas

    • Classification: purely serous, compound tubuloalveolar gland
    • Acini:
      • Only serous, with centers containing centroacinar cells
      • Centroacinar cells form the beginning of the duct system in the pancreas
    • Intercellular canaliculi lead from between acinar cells to the lumen of the acinus
    • Acinar cells:
      • Pyramidal in shape with a round nucleus that is basally located
      • Basal region is strongly basophilic
      • Apical region is densely packed with secretory granules (zymogen granules)

    Digestive Glands

    • Extrinsic glands of the digestive system:
      • Salivary glands (parotid, sublingual, and submandibular)
      • Pancreas
      • Liver
    • Provide enzymes, buffers, emulsifiers, and lubricants for the digestive tract, as well as hormones, proteins, globulins, and numerous additional products for the remainder of the body

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of digestive glands, including their location, function, and secretions. Learn about the salivary glands, pancreas, and other extrinsic glands of the digestive system.

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