Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of genetic engineering?
What is the main purpose of genetic engineering?
Which of the following correctly describes a plasmid?
Which of the following correctly describes a plasmid?
What role do restriction enzymes play in genetic engineering?
What role do restriction enzymes play in genetic engineering?
Which of the following is NOT a main area of biotechnology?
Which of the following is NOT a main area of biotechnology?
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What is the function of insulin in the body?
What is the function of insulin in the body?
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How can genetic engineering contribute to treating diabetes?
How can genetic engineering contribute to treating diabetes?
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Which technique is utilized in forensic biotechnology?
Which technique is utilized in forensic biotechnology?
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What is reprogramming of cells primarily used for?
What is reprogramming of cells primarily used for?
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What organism was first used in 1977 to bioengineer synthetic insulin?
What organism was first used in 1977 to bioengineer synthetic insulin?
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Which genetically modified food is fortified with beta carotene to combat vitamin A deficiency?
Which genetically modified food is fortified with beta carotene to combat vitamin A deficiency?
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What is the definition of a clone?
What is the definition of a clone?
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What cloning method involves the use of a somatic cell nucleus?
What cloning method involves the use of a somatic cell nucleus?
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Which of the following organisms has been cloned through parthenogenesis?
Which of the following organisms has been cloned through parthenogenesis?
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What is one reason why Golden Rice is not currently used despite its benefits?
What is one reason why Golden Rice is not currently used despite its benefits?
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What type of cloning has been practiced for thousands of years with plants?
What type of cloning has been practiced for thousands of years with plants?
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Which of the following is NOT a method of cloning mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a method of cloning mentioned?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Biotechnology
- Lecture 3, Spring Semester 2024-2025
- Presented by Dr. Mohamed Salah Basiouny
- Course offered at Badr University in Cairo
Genetic Engineering
- A set of techniques used to intentionally alter, repair, or enhance genetic material (mostly DNA).
- Involves cutting and joining genetic material, often from different species.
- Creates hybrid DNA, inserted into an organism to form new heritable traits.
What is a plasmid?
- A small, circular piece of DNA separate from a bacterial chromosome.
- Can replicate independently.
- Used in genetic engineering to carry and transfer genes.
Genetic Engineering Techniques for Insulin Production
- Scientists use E. coli bacteria to create synthetic insulin.
- Other organisms like yeast and safflower also produce insulin.
Golden Rice
- Genetically modified rice, fortified with beta carotene.
- The human body converts beta carotene to vitamin A.
- Aims to address vitamin A deficiency.
Transgenic Organisms
- Organisms with genes from different species.
- Ex: Golden rice with genes from bacteria and daffodils.
Reproductive Cloning
- Techniques for creating copies of species, mainly mammals.
Reprogramming of Cells
- Reprogramming differentiated cells or use of stem cells to create needed tissues in patients with diseases or physical harm.
Forensic Biotechnology
- Use of restriction enzymes and electrophoresis to distinguish one person from another.
Restriction Enzymes
- Enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences.
- Useful for various genetic engineering applications.
- The DNA sequence is different for every organism, thus the restriction sites will also be different
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT)
- A technique for animal cloning.
- Involves taking a nucleus from an adult cell and putting it into an enucleated egg cell.
Plant Tissue Culture
- A technique to grow whole plants from small pieces of plant tissue.
Animal Cell Culture
- A technique to grow animal cells in a lab.
- Used for research, drug testing, and regenerative medicine.
Cloning Examples
- Plants (throughout history)
- DNA
- Cells
- Whole organisms
- Examples are bananas, potatoes, grape vines, and trees.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of genetic engineering in this third lecture of the Introduction to Biotechnology course. Learn about plasmids, insulin production techniques, and the development of genetically modified organisms like Golden Rice. This quiz will test your understanding of these vital concepts.
