Hormonal Regulation of Metabolism (Easy)
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Questions and Answers

What is the effect of ceramides on insulin receptors?

  • They make the tyrosine kinase domain more resistant to phosphorylation (correct)
  • They activate insulin receptors
  • They increase the phosphorylation of the tyrosine kinase domain
  • They have no effect on insulin receptors

    • What is the result of inhibited lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue?

  • Increased insulin sensitivity
  • Accumulation of triglycerides, VLDL, LDL, and cholesterol in the blood (correct)
  • Increased triglycerides in the liver
  • Decreased lipids in the lipoproteins

    • What is the source of energy for cells?

  • ATP
  • VLDL
  • Fuels broken down into nutrients (correct)
  • Glucose

    • What is the result of insulin resistance in the liver?

    <p>Increased lipogenesis, lipotoxicity, and insulin receptor resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pancreas in hormonal regulation of metabolism?

    <p>Production of insulin and glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of insulin in regulating blood glucose levels?

    <p>Decreases blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glucagon?

    <p>Increases blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Pancreas function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for fasting blood glucose levels?

    <p>60-100 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of gestational diabetes?

    <p>Hormonal changes during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of somatostatin on insulin secretion?

    <p>Decreases the release of insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Autoimmune destruction of β cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis?

    <p>Labored breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis?

    <p>Insulin therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of somatostatin on glucagon secretion?

    <p>Decreases the release of glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to blood glucose level when insulin is released?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of catecholamines on insulin secretion?

    <p>It inhibits insulin secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of PPAR-γ in adipocyte differentiation?

    <p>It promotes glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of D-amylin?

    <p>To slow down gastric emptying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of insulin on adipocyte differentiation?

    <p>It promotes adipocyte differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which cell type does insulin NOT promote gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Myocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of insulin on lipoprotein lipase in adipocytes?

    <p>It increases the activity of lipoprotein lipase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of SREBP1C in adipocyte differentiation?

    <p>It promotes glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glucagon?

    <p>To stimulate glycogenolysis in liver cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net effect of insulin on glucose metabolism in myocytes?

    <p>It increases glycolysis and glycogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of leptin on food intake?

    <p>Decrease food intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does glucagon produced by the alpha cells directly drain into?

    <p>Capillary circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal fasting glucose level?

    <p>99 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diabetes results in autoimmune destruction of beta cells, requiring insulin therapy, and has an early onset?

    <p>Type I Diabetes Mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of AgRP on food intake?

    <p>Increases food intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of α-MSH on food intake?

    <p>Decreases food intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of CART on food intake?

    <p>Decreases food intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of POMC on food intake?

    <p>Decreases food intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathway activated by leptin to decrease food intake?

    <p>POMC/CART pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of NPY on food intake?

    <p>Increases food intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the insulin level in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>It is increased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of decreased GLUT 4 mediated uptake of glucose in skeletal muscles?

    <p>Insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of high levels of glucose on β cells?

    <p>It can cause β cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of inability to repress hormone-sensitive lipase in adipose tissues?

    <p>Insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the eventual outcome of insulin resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Insulin dependence</p> Signup and view all the answers

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