10 Questions
- Which of the following results would you predict to occur
with a mutation that changes the phosphorylatable Tyr of the
Insulin Receptor (cannot be phosphorylated)?
inability to take up glucose from the bloodstream
) Which of the following proteins is required for the GLUT4 transporter to be localized on the plasma membrane for glucose uptake
. PI-3K
. When insulin binds to its receptor, all of the following happen EXCEPT:
Ras releases GTP and binds to GDP
Which second messenger signals the release of Ca++ from the endoplasmic reticulum?
. Inositol triphosphate (IP3)
- The diagram shows some biochemical
pathways in a liver cell, some of which are
reversible. Five reactions whose rate in a
certain direction can be changed by the
presence of a hormone are labelled 1 – 5.
Each number relates to the direction of
the arrow nearest to the number.
Which numbered reactions have their rate
increased in the presence of insulin?
1,2 and 5
When epinephrine or glucagon bind to their receptor on the membrane and activate the cAMP cascade, all of the following happen EXCEPT
G-protein is freed from its tether and diffuses away from the cell membrane
What type of protein is Ras?
A small monomeric GTPase switch protein
) Concerning the insulin receptor and the IRS protein:
d)The IRS binds to the phosphorylated beta-chains of the insulin receptor
) Which of the following enzymes is activated by cyclic AMP, passing on the hormonal signal?
Protein kinase A
Which pathway for glycogen breakdown in the liver would prevent the cell from breaking down glycogen in response to epinephrine
C. One that prevents it from binding GTP
Study Notes
Insulin Receptor and Signaling
- A mutation that changes the phosphorylatable Tyr of the Insulin Receptor prevents phosphorylation.
- Insulin binding to its receptor triggers all events except one (to be specified).
GLUT4 Transporter and Glucose Uptake
- The presence of a specific protein is required for GLUT4 transporter localization on the plasma membrane for glucose uptake.
Second Messenger Signaling
- A specific second messenger signals the release of Ca++ from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Hormone Regulation of Biochemical Pathways
- In a liver cell, certain reactions (1-5) have their rate changed by the presence of a hormone.
- Insulin increases the rate of specific reactions (to be specified).
Epinephrine and Glucagon Signaling
- When epinephrine or glucagon bind to their receptor, all events occur except one (to be specified).
- The cAMP cascade is activated by epinephrine or glucagon binding.
Ras Protein and Signaling
- Ras is a type of protein involved in signaling pathways.
cAMP-activated Enzymes
- A specific enzyme is activated by cyclic AMP, passing on the hormonal signal.
Glycogen Breakdown Regulation
- A specific pathway for glycogen breakdown in the liver prevents the cell from breaking down glycogen in response to epinephrine.
- Insulin and IRS protein interactions play a crucial role in glycogen metabolism regulation.
Test your knowledge on cell signaling pathways with this quiz! Identify the different types of signaling proteins including tyrosine kinase, monomeric GTPase switch protein, serine-threonine kinase, and G protein coupled receptor. Sharpen your understanding of how these proteins function in cellular communication and their roles in various signaling pathways.
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