Inorganic Chemistry Compounds & Nomenclature

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Questions and Answers

What is the charge of the lithium ion formed from lithium carbonate?

Li+

Identify the charge of the sulfide ion and explain how it is derived.

S2–; it gains 2 electrons.

How is the name of the nitrate ion derived from its element?

It is named by adding '-ate' to the stem of nitrogen.

What is the difference in naming between the oxide and hydroxide ions?

Oxide is O2– and hydroxide is OH–. Signup and view all the answers

What suffix indicates that an anion has one less oxygen than its '-ate' counterpart?

'-ite' Signup and view all the answers

What is the systematic name of the cation with the formula Fe3+?

iron(III) ion Signup and view all the answers

How does the naming convention differ for Copper(I) and Copper(II) ions?

Copper(I) is called cuprous, while Copper(II) is called cupric. Signup and view all the answers

Which cation always has a +2 charge regardless of its compound?

Zinc (Zn2+) Signup and view all the answers

What is the old name for the cation Sn4+?

stannic ion Signup and view all the answers

Define the term 'cation' in terms of electron transfer.

A cation is a positively charged ion formed by the loss of electrons from a neutral atom. Signup and view all the answers

What naming convention is used to distinguish between two ions of the same element?

The Stock number system is used to indicate different charge states. Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge of the cation represented by Pb3+?

Lead(III) ion Signup and view all the answers

In which group of the periodic table do elements typically form cations with a +1 charge?

Group I Signup and view all the answers

Identify the ion with the formula $HPO_4^{2-}$ and describe its significance in biological systems.

The ion is hydrogen phosphate (HPO4^2-), which plays a crucial role in energy transfer as a component of ATP. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between nitrate ($NO_3^-$) and nitrite ($NO_2^-$) ions in terms of their oxidation states?

Nitrate ($NO_3^-$) has a higher oxidation state of +5 for nitrogen, while nitrite ($NO_2^-$) has an oxidation state of +3. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the relationship between bicarbonate ($HCO_3^-$) and carbonic acid in the context of acid-base balance in the body.

Bicarbonate ($HCO_3^-$) acts as a conjugate base of carbonic acid ($H_2CO_3$), helping to buffer and maintain pH levels in the blood. Signup and view all the answers

List and describe two chemical properties of sulfate ($SO_4^{2-}$) that differentiate it from sulfite ($SO_3^{2-}$).

Sulfate ($SO_4^{2-}$) is more oxidized than sulfite ($SO_3^{2-}$) and is generally less reactive, exhibiting stronger acid properties. Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the significance of the hydroxide ion ($OH^-$) in acidic and basic solutions.

The hydroxide ion ($OH^-$) is fundamental in defining basicity; its concentration determines the pH, contributing to the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. Signup and view all the answers

What is the empirical formula of ascorbic acid given its mass percentage composition?

C3H4O3 Signup and view all the answers

Define the molecular formula of a compound and provide the molecular formula for Vitamin C.

The molecular formula indicates the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule; for Vitamin C, it is C6H8O6. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Vitamin C is made up of oxygen based on its mass percentage composition?

54.5% Signup and view all the answers

Explain why Nathan Zohner's experiment regarding dihydrogen monoxide was effective in demonstrating people's chemical phobias.

It highlighted how misleading information about a common substance can provoke irrational fears and misconceptions. Signup and view all the answers

List two properties of dihydrogen monoxide that contributed to public fear in Zohner's study.

It is a major component of acid rain and lethal if accidentally inhaled. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'common name' refer to in the context of inorganic chemical nomenclature?

A common name often provides little or no indication of a compound's actual composition. Signup and view all the answers

How is the relative number of atoms represented in an empirical formula?

Through the chemical symbols of the elements as their lowest common multiple (LCM). Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion can be drawn from the results of Zohner's petition regarding public understanding of chemistry?

It suggests that many people lack critical understanding and awareness of basic chemical concepts. Signup and view all the answers

What is the systematic name for HClO3?

chloric acid Signup and view all the answers

How would you name the compound CaCl2 in systematic nomenclature?

calcium chloride Signup and view all the answers

What does the formula H2SO3 represent and how is it named?

sulfurous acid Signup and view all the answers

Identify the anion derived from HClO2.

chlorite Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct name for CuSO4 according to the systematic nomenclature?

copper(II) sulfate Signup and view all the answers

What is the name and oxidation state of the cation in MnO2?

manganese(IV) Signup and view all the answers

Which oxoacid corresponds to the anion ClO4-?

perchloric acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for sodium hypochlorite, and what is its w/w concentration mentioned?

NaOCl, 4.5% w/w Signup and view all the answers

What systematic name would be given to the compound K3C6H5O7?

potassium citrate Signup and view all the answers

How is the anion derived from carbonic acid (H2CO3) named?

carbonate Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Compounds

A substance consists of atoms of two or more elements in a definite ratio.
Empirical formula: The relative numbers of atoms of each element in a compound in terms of the chemical symbols of the elements as their lowest common multiple (LCM).
Molecular formula: The actual number of atoms of each element present in a molecule.

Inorganic Chemical Nomenclature

Cations: Positively charged ions formed by the loss of electrons from a neutral atom.
Metals in groups I, II, and III have a characteristic charge number that corresponds to their group number (+1, +2, and +3 respectively).
Some elements always form cations of one characteristic charge number.
Anions: Negatively charged ions formed by the gain of electrons from a neutral atom.
Monoatomic anions are named by adding "-ide" to the stem of the element name.
Oxanions: Polyatomic ions containing oxygen.
Named by adding "-ate" to the stem of the element name (excluding oxygen).
Use "-ite" to indicate one less oxygen than its "-ate" homologue.
Naming Ionic Compounds:
- Write the cation first, then the anion.
- The word "ion" is omitted.
- Prefixes aren't used because the number of anions can be determined from the cation's charge.

Acids

Hydrogen halides:
- HCl = hydrogen chloride, aq.HCl = hydrochloric acid
- HBr = hydrogen bromide, aq.HBr = hydrobromic acid
Oxoacids
- Replace "-ate" with "-ic acid"
- Replace "-ite" with "-ous acid"
- H2CO3 = carbonic acid
- H2SO3 = sulfurous acid

Common Compounds in Pharmaceuticals

Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
Calcium Phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2)
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)
Magnesium Oxide (MgO)
Zinc Oxide (ZnO)
Manganese Sulfate (MnSO4)
Copper Sulfate (CuSO4)
Chromium Chloride (CrCl3)
Sodium Molybdate (Na2MoO4)
Potassium Iodide (KI)
Sodium Selenate (Na2SeO4)
Potassium Citrate (K3C6H5O7)
Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2)
Potassium Chloride (KCl)
Iron Sulfate (FeSO4)
Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO4)
Potassium Hydroxide (KOH)

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Description

Test your knowledge on inorganic compounds and their nomenclature. This quiz covers empirical and molecular formulas, as well as the naming conventions for cations, anions, and oxanions. Perfect for chemistry students looking to reinforce their understanding.