Exam 1
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Questions and Answers

Who is often regarded as the beginning of business and industrial psychology?

  • Wilhelm Wundt
  • Walter Dill Scott (correct)
  • Hugo Munsterberg
  • Walter VanDyke Bingham
  • In which university was the Division of Applied Psychology established in 1915?

  • Northwestern University
  • University of North Carolina at Charlotte
  • Carnegie Tech
  • Carnegie Mellon University (correct)
  • Who moved to the United States and published the textbook 'Psychology and Industrial Efficiency'?

  • Walter Dill Scott
  • Hugo Munsterberg (correct)
  • Wilhelm Wundt
  • Walter VanDyke Bingham
  • Who led a psychological program under the army’s personnel officer during World War I?

    <p>Walter Dill Scott</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who worked for the government doing selection and placement of military personnel during World War I?

    <p>Robert Yerkes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the first person to call himself a psychologist?

    <p>Wilhelm Wundt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential extraneous variable that could affect the relationship between leadership style and employee performance?

    <p>Employees' experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can extraneous variables be controlled in an experiment?

    <p>By manipulating different levels of the variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What statistical technique can be used to control the variability in the dependent variable due to extraneous variables?

    <p>Analysis of covariance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of a leadership–job performance study, what might be treated as an independent variable to control for its impact on the dependent variable?

    <p>Gender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data did the practitioner primarily use for field-based research?

    <p>Self-administered surveys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of uncovering obstacles to performance, what kind of insights have been fueling strategic decision making in organizations?

    <p>Reliable and valid insights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the major retailer want to understand the relationship between?

    <p>How it led and managed and business results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was location-type used as a control variable in the study conducted by the major retailer?

    <p>To account for differences in financial performance based on location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Gone are the days when successful companies made million-dollar decisions based on unreliable information or management hunches.' What does this statement imply?

    <p>'Gone are the days' implies a shift towards data-driven decision making in successful companies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Recently, a major retailer wanted to understand the relationship between how it led and managed and business results.' What does 'how it led and managed' refer to in this context?

    <p>'How it led and managed' refers to leadership and management practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the DeGarmo Group do with the work style ratings of job applicants?

    <p>They use the work style ratings to determine how well the applicant's personality fits the job</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major criticism of the Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ) mentioned in the text?

    <p>It has a reading level that limits who can competently do the job analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the Common-Metric Questionnaire (CMQ) developed by Harvey (1993)?

    <p>Comparing descriptions across jobs by using a common set of abstract items</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential issue with task-oriented approaches like the Task Inventory Approach and Functional Job Analysis?

    <p>They make it very difficult to uncover any similarities across jobs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the DeGarmo Group when matching applicants to its clients’ needs?

    <p>To determine how applicants' personalities fit specific job demands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major criticism of the PAQ mentioned in the text?

    <p>It does not have a common set of items written at a more behaviorally abstract level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a focus of task-oriented approaches like the Task Inventory Approach and Functional Job Analysis?

    <p>Describing jobs at an extremely specific task level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'What relationships with other people are required in performing the job' falls under which dimension in the PAQ?

    <p>Relationships with other persons dimension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Use of written materials' and 'Near-visual differentiation' fall under which dimension in the PAQ?

    <p>Information input dimension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Instructing' and 'Contacts with public, customers' fall under which dimension in the PAQ?

    <p>'Relationships with other persons dimension'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of 'composite criterion'?

    <p>A weighted combination of multiple criteria resulting in a single index of performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor reflects the degree to which an individual can perform core tasks central to a particular job?

    <p>Job-specific task proficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a composite criterion created through unequal weighting?

    <p>By weighting the criteria differentially according to their importance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of 'Maintaining personal discipline'?

    <p>Avoidance of negative behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents a significant criterion problem in organizations?

    <p>The multidimensional nature of performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the example given for 'Demonstrating effort'?

    <p>An administrative assistant who goes into the office during a winter storm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of 'Job-specific task proficiency'?

    <p>Degree to which individual can perform core tasks central to a particular job</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary issue discussed regarding performance and HR decisions in organizations?

    <p>The difficulty in making decisions based on one score or combination of multiple criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'Facilitating peer and team performance' tasks primarily focused on?

    <p>Helping and supporting peers and team members with job problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of 'Written and oral communication tasks'?

    <p>Proficiency with which one can write and speak effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the forced-choice checklist approach in performance appraisal?

    <p>To reduce purposeful bias or distortion on the part of raters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drawback is associated with the forced-choice checklist approach?

    <p>Raters losing control over the rating process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of the computerized adaptive rating scale (CARS) developed by Borman and his colleagues?

    <p>It reduces the bias associated with other approaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of forced distribution in performance appraisal?

    <p>To categorize one-third of the subordinates as average</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential issue with rank-ordering as an employee comparison procedure?

    <p>Complexity of the task as the number of ratees increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a drawback of using paired comparisons for employee evaluation?

    <p>Increasing complexity as the number of ratees increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'In what way does the computerized adaptive rating scale (CARS) differ from other performance appraisal approaches?' - Which one of these statements provides a valid difference between CARS and other approaches?

    <p>'CARS' provides more discriminability and involves rank-ordering employees from best to worst</p> Signup and view all the answers

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