India's Contributions to Science and Technology
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Questions and Answers

Which award did M.S. Swaminathan receive in 2013?

  • Indira Gandhi National Award (correct)
  • Ramon Magsaysay Award
  • Padma Vibhushan
  • Bharat Ratna

    • What significant role did A.P.J. Abdul Kalam hold in the field of aerospace engineering?

  • Chancellor of Indian Institute of Space Science (correct)
  • Project Director for Mars Orbiter Mission
  • Director General of ISRO
  • Lead scientist for Chandrayaan-1

    • Which effect did M.K. Vainu Bappu co-develop that relates to star luminosity observations?

  • Bappu-Wilson Effect (correct)
  • Bappu-Optics Theory
  • Bappu-Nebula Effect
  • Wilson-Luminosity Effect

    • What was M.S. Swaminathan's contribution to the International Rice Research Institute?

    <p>Accomplishing wheat yield improvements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a notable achievement of Sam Pitroda in relation to technology and communication?

    <p>Chaired the National Knowledge Commission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern regarding the iron and steel industry in India by the 18th century?

    <p>Colonial policies negatively impacted its prosperity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the Ayurvedic concept of 'Ayur' and 'Veda'?

    <p>Life Knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Ayurveda, which component is a combination of water and fire?

    <p>Pitta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following herbs is NOT traditionally used in Ayurvedic formulations?

    <p>Tana</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of 'Panchamahabhutas' refer to in Ayurveda?

    <p>Five fundamental elements of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of the integrative approach to healthcare in Ayurveda?

    <p>Utilize mainstream medical therapies along with Ayurvedic practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dosha is associated with a combination of earth and water?

    <p>Kapha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of 'Agni' in Ayurvedic medicine?

    <p>The internal digestive fire that transforms food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which yantra is used to extract essences of metals?

    <p>Kosthi Yantra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of the Dola Yantra?

    <p>It absorbs liquid vapors from a half-filled pot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the eight branches of ancient Indian medicine?

    <p>Veterinary Medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which ancient site was evidence of surgical practices found, dating back over 4,300 years?

    <p>Mehrgarh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method does the Patana Yantra primarily involve?

    <p>Sublimation and distillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which text is associated with the branch of Pediatrics in ancient Indian medicinal tradition?

    <p>Kasyapa Samhita</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a primary purpose of the Dhupa Yantra?

    <p>Fumigation of leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common surgical procedure that involves drilling or cutting into the skull?

    <p>Trepanation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which yantra aims to coat mercury allowing vapors to descend to a lower vessel?

    <p>Adhana Yantra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ancient Indian physician is credited with the practice that involved drilling teeth as early as 8000-9000 years ago?

    <p>Unknown physicians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following philosophical systems in India is associated with atomism?

    <p>Vaiseshika</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material was used by the Harappans for creating permanent designs on pottery?

    <p>Calcium carbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what century was the Kautilya Arthashastra written?

    <p>3rd or 4th century BCE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of alchemy according to historical practices?

    <p>To discover immortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes what 'Kaupaka' refers to in ancient texts?

    <p>An art of healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of substances did the Vaiseshika system identify?

    <p>Nine types of substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was included as one of the fundamental elements in the Vaiseshika system?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which text includes numerous chapters on perfumes and knowledge of gems?

    <p>Brihat Samhita</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technological method is recognized for improving cattle herds?

    <p>Embryo transfer technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ancient civilization is noted for its initial metallurgical skills and ceramic techniques?

    <p>Indus Valley Civilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant contribution did Janaki Ammal make in the field of botany?

    <p>Developed intergenic hybrids in sugarcane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which award was conferred to Janaki Ammal in 1977 for her contributions?

    <p>Padmashri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year did Janaki Ammal become a fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences?

    <p>1935</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following plants is associated with treating neurological and skin diseases?

    <p>Guggulu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy source contributes the largest percentage of India's total energy consumption?

    <p>Coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method in Ayurveda utilizes warm medicated oil applied to the back?

    <p>Kayavathsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which institution did Janaki Ammal serve as a professor of botany?

    <p>Maharaja's College of Science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which procedure in Ayurveda is known to improve memory and heal mental disorders through herbal oils?

    <p>Dhara</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of biodiesel mentioned in the content?

    <p>Renewable energy source from plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What academic achievement did Janaki Ammal attain at the University of Michigan?

    <p>Honorary LLD degree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    India's Contribution to Science and Technology

    • Aryabhata discovered the number 0.
    • Indian scholars discovered the Pythagorean theorem before Pythagoras.
    • Decimal system originated from the Harappan civilization.
    • Astronomy concepts were found in the Rig Veda.
    • Water management systems included wells, ponds, lakes, rivers and canals.
    • Millions of manmade ponds were created.
    • Iron pillar in Delhi has not rusted since the Mughal era.
    • Rust-free iron was created.
    • Farming techniques included soil testing, crop rotation, and irrigation.
    • Eco-friendly fertilizers and pesticides were used.

    Key Scientific Discoveries

    • Atoms were considered to be composed of five elements: earth, fire, air, water, and space.
    • Ayurveda, a system of medicine, included knowledge of ailments, diseases, symptoms, cures, and diagnosis.
    • Charaka and Susruta made significant contributions to Ayurveda.
    • India's shipbuilding and shipping were important industries for trade, but Britain's involvement diminished these industries.

    Post-Independence Developments

    • Indian space research organization ISRO was established in 1969.
    • ISRO built the first satellite (Aryabhata).
    • Chandrayaan 1 was India's first mission to the Moon (2008).
    • ISRO and the Department of Space are responsible for spacecraft development, deployment, and operations.
    • Electronics and information technology departments played a role in promoting electronic technologies.
    • India's IT industry witnessed growth from 200 Million in 1990-91 to 500 Million in 2006-07, with an annual growth rate of 30%.
    • The Department of Ocean Development was established in 1981.
    • India's ocean energy potential includes exploring hydrocarbona and minerals.
    • India carried out ocean research expeditions to Antarctica.
    • The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) was established in 1942 with 40 labs and 100 field centers.

    Significant Contributions in Chemistry

    • Ancient chemical practices in India aimed at turning base metals into gold and finding the elixir of life.
    • Indus Valley civilizations (3rd Millennium BCE) have displayed metallurgical skills, including pottery processes (heating, fusion, and evaporation).
    • Indigenous techniques for bleaching beads, creating faience (a synthetic material) and producing mortars/ cements from limestone and gypsum were developed.

    History of Medical Tradition

    • Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine.
    • Caraka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita are important texts in Ayurveda.
    • The texts include details of diagnosis and treatments for various ailments.
    • Understanding the genetic basis of diseases, particularly in reproductive elements and smallpox, is seen.
    • Early concepts of inoculation to prevent smallpox existed in India.
    • Ayurveda's pharmacopoeia evolved with a focus on medicinal plants, minerals, and metals.
    • Indian medical practices emphasized a holistic approach to health care and personal well-being.

    Plant and Animal Science

    • Ancient Indian texts discuss plant science (Vrikshayurveda).
    • Ancient Indian agricultural practices included agroforestry.
    • There was an understanding of plant and animal behaviors.
    • texts provide knowledge on various animal science practices and their properties.

    Metallurgy

    • High-carbon alloy steel (Wootz steel) production was accomplished in the ancient period.
    • Evidence of copper and bronze production was found from the Harrappan civilization.
    • Wootz steel, prized for its sharpness and durability, was developed in India.
    • The techniques of making Wootz steel involved advanced metallurgic processes and were well-known for many centuries.
    • Iron metallurgy reached new heights in the Iron Age.

    Notable Indian Scientists & Contributions

    • Key figures like Aryabhata, Bhaskara II, Varahamihira and others made foundational contributions to astronomy.
    • Important contributions to mathematics include establishing theorems and solving equations
    • Early concept of decimal numbers were established in India.
    • A variety of significant contributions to medicine, scientific understanding, and more exist

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    India's Contribution to Science and Technology (From Ancient to Modern) PDF

    Description

    Explore the significant contributions of India to science and technology throughout history. From the invention of the number zero by Aryabhata to advancements in medicine with Ayurveda, this quiz covers essential discoveries and innovations that have shaped the world. Test your knowledge about ancient scholars, mathematical principles, and ecological practices.

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