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Questions and Answers
Which term refers to a molecule of low molecular weight that cannot induce an immune response by itself?
Which term refers to a molecule of low molecular weight that cannot induce an immune response by itself?
What is the definition of an immunogen?
What is the definition of an immunogen?
What is the relationship between immunogens and antigens?
What is the relationship between immunogens and antigens?
What are antigen determinants or epitopes?
What are antigen determinants or epitopes?
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Which type of molecules become immunogenic when coupled with carrier macromolecules?
Which type of molecules become immunogenic when coupled with carrier macromolecules?
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What effect is associated with changes in antigen determinants?
What effect is associated with changes in antigen determinants?
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What is the term for the number of epitopes on an antigen molecule that bind to antibodies?
What is the term for the number of epitopes on an antigen molecule that bind to antibodies?
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Which phenomenon occurs when unrelated antigens share one or more identical epitopes, leading to the production of cross-reacting antibodies?
Which phenomenon occurs when unrelated antigens share one or more identical epitopes, leading to the production of cross-reacting antibodies?
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Which factor influences immunogenicity by providing cross-protective immunity to related pathogen strains?
Which factor influences immunogenicity by providing cross-protective immunity to related pathogen strains?
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Which chemical structure is considered non-immunogenic unless conjugated with protein to form lipoprotein or nucleoprotein?
Which chemical structure is considered non-immunogenic unless conjugated with protein to form lipoprotein or nucleoprotein?
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At what molecular weight are substances considered potent immunogens?
At what molecular weight are substances considered potent immunogens?
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What is the term for a substance that, when mixed with antigen before its administration, induces the production of a stronger immune response against the antigenic substance?
What is the term for a substance that, when mixed with antigen before its administration, induces the production of a stronger immune response against the antigenic substance?
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Which route of administration generally induces a better immune response for immunogens?
Which route of administration generally induces a better immune response for immunogens?
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What factor influences immunogenicity by varying the ability to respond to a particular antigen according to the genetic makeup of animals?
What factor influences immunogenicity by varying the ability to respond to a particular antigen according to the genetic makeup of animals?
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Which type of molecules become immunogenic when coupled with carrier macromolecules?
Which type of molecules become immunogenic when coupled with carrier macromolecules?
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What is the term for the ability of a substance to be immunogenic only when administered in an optimum dose?
What is the term for the ability of a substance to be immunogenic only when administered in an optimum dose?
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Study Notes
Immunology Basics
- A hapten is a molecule of low molecular weight that cannot induce an immune response by itself.
- An immunogen is a substance that can induce an immune response, and an antigen is a substance that can bind to an antibody.
- Immunogens are also antigens, but not all antigens are immunogens.
- Antigen determinants or epitopes are the specific regions on an antigen molecule that bind to antibodies.
Immunogenicity
- Haptens become immunogenic when coupled with carrier macromolecules.
- Changes in antigen determinants can lead to a loss of immunogenicity.
- The valency of an antigen refers to the number of epitopes on an antigen molecule that bind to antibodies.
- Cross-reactivity occurs when unrelated antigens share one or more identical epitopes, leading to the production of cross-reacting antibodies.
Factors Influencing Immunogenicity
- Genetic makeup influences immunogenicity by varying the ability to respond to a particular antigen according to the genetic makeup of animals.
- Lipoproteins and nucleoproteins are considered non-immunogenic unless conjugated with protein.
- Molecular weight is a factor in immunogenicity, with substances above a certain molecular weight (typically >5,000) considered potent immunogens.
Immunogenicity Enhancement
- Adjuvants are substances that, when mixed with antigen before its administration, induce the production of a stronger immune response against the antigenic substance.
- The route of administration can influence immunogenicity, with some routes (e.g., intradermal) inducing a better immune response than others.
- Dose is a factor in immunogenicity, with the optimum dose required for a substance to be immunogenic.
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Description
Test your knowledge about immunogens and antigens with this quiz based on the lecture contents from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University. Explore the concepts of antigens, immunogens, and their specific interactions with the immune response.
