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Immunity: Innate and Adaptive Systems

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Questions and Answers

Which statement most accurately describes the primary function of the innate immune system?

It targets specific antigens with tailored responses.

It acts immediately or within hours against pathogens. (correct)

It relies solely on B lymphocytes for pathogen recognition.

It operates only through the production of antibodies.

What role do cytokines play in the immune system?

They act as chemical messengers to regulate immune responses. (correct)

They are solely responsible for cellular immune responses.

They produce antibodies to neutralize foreign agents.

They form physical barriers against pathogens.

Which component does NOT belong to the innate immune response?

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach

Lysozyme in saliva

Defensins secreted by neutrophils

Antigen-presenting cells (correct)

How do humoral and cellular immune responses differ?

Humoral response targets foreign antigens with antibodies, while cellular response destroys infected cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the complement system when activated?

It ruptures bacterial cell walls to kill them. Signup and view all the answers

Why is immunological memory important for the adaptive immune system?

It allows for faster responses to previously encountered antigens. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes defensins?

They are antimicrobial peptides secreted by immune cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between innate and adaptive immunity?

Adaptive immunity can only function with the assistance of innate immunity components. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Innate Immunity

The body's first line of defense against pathogens
Includes physical barriers (skin, mucous membranes)
Employ antimicrobial chemicals (e.g., hydrochloric acid, lysozyme)
Involves immune system cells that attack pathogens
Includes complement system (proteins that kill bacteria)
Also includes defensins (antimicrobial peptides)

Adaptive Immunity

Second line of defense, slower but highly specific
Responds to specific pathogens (antigens)
Involves B and T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells
Creates immunological memory for faster responses to subsequent exposures
Operates through humoral and cellular immune responses
Depends on innate immunity for initiating responses

Cytokines

Low molecular weight proteins
Act as chemical messengers between immune cells
Regulate innate and adaptive immune responses
Secreted by cells involved in both innate and adaptive immunity
Activated when an antigen is present

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Description

Test your knowledge on the key features of innate and adaptive immunity. This quiz covers the body's lines of defense against pathogens, the roles of immune system cells, and the function of cytokines. Delve into the crucial components that shape our immune responses.