Innate and Adaptive Immunity Overview
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Innate and Adaptive Immunity Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of innate immunity?

  • Memory B cells (correct)
  • Physical barriers
  • Phagocytes
  • Complement system

    • The process by which T cells learn to distinguish self from non-self antigens in the thymus is called:

  • Adaptive immunity
  • Clonal selection
  • Thymic education (correct)
  • Antigen presentation

    • Which type of immune cell is primarily responsible for antibody production?

  • T helper cells
  • Macrophages
  • B lymphocytes (correct)
  • Cytotoxic T cells

    • What is the main function of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) II molecules?

    <p>To present antigens to CD4+ T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of adaptive immunity?

    <p>Immediate response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neutrophils are primarily involved in:

    <p>Phagocytosis of pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process by which lymphocytes capable of responding to a specific antigen proliferate is called:

    <p>Clonal selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of professional antigen-presenting cell?

    <p>Erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary function of helper T cells is to:

    <p>Activate and regulate other immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of cytotoxic T cells?

    <p>Direct killing of infected or abnormal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ability of the immune system to respond more quickly and effectively to a pathogen it has encountered before is due to:

    <p>Immunological memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

    <p>Production of red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Interferons are classified as:

    <p>Cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cells does NOT perform phagocytosis?

    <p>Basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The type of immunity obtained during a lifetime is called:

    <p>Acquired immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a recombinant vaccine?

    <p>Hepatitis B vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    IgM antibodies are primarily:

    <p>Restricted to the circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monocytes differentiate into:

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of IgG antibodies?

    <p>Is the first antibody produced in primary immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of diapedesis refers to:

    <p>White blood cell movement through blood vessel walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the complement system?

    <p>Antibody production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The theory of clonal selection states that:

    <p>Only lymphocytes with receptors specific for an antigen will proliferate upon exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good vaccine?

    <p>Ability to cause disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process by which macrophages engulf and destroy pathogens is called:

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?

    <p>Direct killing of bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary site of T cell maturation is:

    <p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of regulatory T cells?

    <p>Suppression of immune responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of somatic hypermutation occurs in:

    <p>B cell receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a secondary immune response?

    <p>Primarily IgM production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main function of the spleen in the immune system is:

    <p>Filtration of blood-borne pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of dendritic cells?

    <p>Antibody production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process by which B cells undergo class switching to produce different antibody isotypes is called:

    <p>Isotype switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of innate immunity?

    <p>Antigen-specific receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main function of natural killer (NK) cells is:

    <p>Killing of virus-infected and tumor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of hypersensitivity reaction?

    <p>Type V (delayed)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process by which antigens are broken down into peptides for presentation on MHC molecules is called:

    <p>Antigen processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Enhanced immune response to pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary function of follicular dendritic cells is:

    <p>Antigen retention and presentation to B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of cytokines?

    <p>Antigen recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process by which neutrophils release DNA and proteins to form extracellular traps is called:

    <p>NETosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of IgA antibodies?

    <p>Efficiently activates complement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary function of the thymus in the immune system is:

    <p>T cell maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the complement system?

    <p>Antibody production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process by which T cells become activated upon encounter with their specific antigen is called:

    <p>Clonal expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of immunological tolerance?

    <p>Enhanced response to self-antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary function of eosinophils in the immune system is:

    <p>Defense against parasitic infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of MHC class I molecules?

    <p>Present exogenous antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process by which memory B cells rapidly differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells upon re-exposure to an antigen is called:

    <p>Secondary response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the acute phase response?

    <p>Adaptive immune cell activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary function of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells is:

    <p>Recognition of lipid antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Innate Immunity

    • Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against pathogens.
    • Physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes prevent pathogens from entering the body.
    • Complement system is a group of proteins that work together to lyse pathogens, opsonize them for phagocytosis, and recruit immune cells.
    • Phagocytes like neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells engulf and destroy pathogens.
    • Memory B cells are a component of adaptive immunity, not innate immunity.

    Adaptive Immunity

    • Adaptive immunity provides a more specific and targeted response to pathogens.
    • Specificity means that each immune response targets a specific antigen.
    • Memory allows the immune system to mount a faster and more effective response upon re-exposure to the same antigen.
    • Diversity allows for a wide range of responses to different antigens.
    • Immediate response is a characteristic of innate immunity, not adaptive immunity.

    T Cell Education

    • Thymic education is the process by which T cells learn to distinguish self from non-self antigens in the thymus.

    Antigen Presentation

    • Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) II molecules present antigens to CD4+ T cells.
    • MHC I molecules present antigens to CD8+ T cells.

    Immune Cell Functions

    • B lymphocytes are responsible for antibody production.
    • T helper cells activate and regulate other immune cells.
    • Cytotoxic T cells directly kill infected or abnormal cells by releasing cytotoxic substances.
    • Neutrophils are involved in phagocytosis of pathogens.
    • Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells that activate naive T cells.
    • Macrophages are phagocytic cells that engulf and destroy pathogens, present antigens, and secrete cytokines.

    Immune Responses

    • Clonal selection is the process by which lymphocytes capable of responding to a specific antigen proliferate and differentiate into effector cells.
    • Immunological memory is the ability of the immune system to respond more quickly and effectively to a pathogen it has encountered before.
    • Interferons are cytokines that are produced by cells in response to viral infections.
    • Lymphatic system is responsible for transporting lymph, filtering pathogens, and maturation of lymphocytes.

    Vaccination

    • Recombinant vaccines are made by inserting the gene for a pathogen's antigen into another organism.
    • Vaccines help to stimulate the adaptive immune system and develop immunity against specific pathogens.

    Antibodies

    • IgM antibodies are the first type of antibody produced in a primary immune response and are restricted to the circulation.
    • IgA antibodies are found in secretions and provide mucosal immunity.
    • IgG antibodies are the most abundant in serum and can cross the placenta.

    Immune Processes

    • Diapedesis is the movement of white blood cells through blood vessel walls.
    • Somatic hypermutation is a process that increases the diversity of antibody responses.
    • Isotype switching is the process by which B cells switch from producing one type of antibody isotype to another.

    Hypersensitivity Reactions

    • Hypersensitivity reactions are exaggerated immune responses to antigens.

    Autoimmune Diseases

    • Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system attacks the body's own tissues.

    Cytokines

    • Cytokines are signaling molecules that regulate immune responses and mediate inflammation.

    Immune Cells and Processes (Continued)

    • Eosinophils are involved in defense against parasitic infections.
    • Natural killer (NK) cells kill virus-infected and tumor cells.
    • Follicular dendritic cells retain and present antigens to B cells.
    • NETosis is the process by which neutrophils release DNA and proteins to form extracellular traps (NETs) to trap pathogens.

    Lymphatic System and Tissues

    • Spleen filters blood-borne pathogens and stores platelets.
    • Thymus is the site of T cell maturation.

    Immune Tolerance

    • Immunological tolerance is the ability of the immune system to avoid reacting to self-antigens.
    • Regulatory T cells suppress immune responses and help maintain tolerance to self-antigens.

    Antigen Processing

    • Antigen processing is the breakdown of antigens into peptides.

    Immune System Responses

    • Acute phase response is a rapid and innate immune response characterized by fever, increased vascular permeability, and production of acute phase proteins.
    • Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a type of T cell that recognize lipid antigens.

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    Description

    Explore the differences between innate and adaptive immunity in this informative quiz. You'll learn about the body's first line of defense, the role of phagocytes, and the specific responses of adaptive immunity. Test your knowledge on key concepts like memory, specificity, and the complement system.

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