Hyperlipidemia and Lipid Types Overview

<p>They bind to bile acids in the intestines, preventing their reabsorption, and reducing cholesterol levels in the body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constipation and bloating. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Take medications and vitamins at least 4 hours after the bile acid sequestrant. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A common side effect of Colestipol, specifically pruritus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent constipation, a common side effect of these medications. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Statins are best absorbed after meals, regardless of formulation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atorvastatin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing the activity of lipoprotein lipase. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of cholelithiasis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intolerance to fatty foods, nausea, and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertriglyceridemia severe enough to increase the risk of pancreatitis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gemfibrozil inhibits the metabolism of most statins, increasing the risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete blood count (CBC) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rosuvastatin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibric acid derivatives may increase the risk of bleeding when used with aspirin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prescribe a different statin and monitor for muscle symptoms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discontinue the statin and assess for rhabdomyolysis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Age over 75 years old. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initiate statin therapy with careful monitoring of liver function. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduce the statin dose and monitor for symptom resolution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The exact mechanism is unknown, but it is theorized to inhibit lipolysis in adipose tissue. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2000-3000 mg/day (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatotoxicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nicotinic acid decreases circulating fibrinogen levels and increases tissue plasminogen, ultimately reducing the risk of thrombosis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The potential for drug interactions with other cardiovascular medications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins, which mediate the vasodilatory effects of nicotinic acid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is used for treating niacin deficiency but does not have lipid-lowering effects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases blood sugar levels, potentially worsening glycemic control. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intestinal absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It effectively raises HDL cholesterol levels, more so than any other drug available. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clinical trials have shown improvement in outcomes for patients with coronary artery disease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased bone density. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreasing triglyceride levels by working directly on their synthesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Statins can help stabilize plaque formation in blood vessels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing preventative treatment for already established cerebral aneurysms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zetia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>60% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Statins decrease triglyceride levels by 10-33% and increase HDL levels by 5-10%. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active liver disease. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Statins are considered the first-line treatment for high cholesterol, while Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors are used as a last resort. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A condition with high levels of lipids in the blood, increasing various health risks.

Acronym for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, related to high lipid levels.

Waxy substance essential for cells and hormones, harmful in excess.

Low-Density Lipoprotein, the major carrier of cholesterol, often termed 'bad' cholesterol.

Very Low-Density Lipoprotein, another 'bad' cholesterol that carries triglycerides.

High-Density Lipoprotein, known as 'good' cholesterol, helps remove other cholesterol.

Strategies to control cholesterol levels, including dietary recommendations and medication timing.

A medication used to lower cholesterol levels by binding bile acids in the gut.

Also known as Niacin or Vitamin B3; used to treat high triglyceride levels.

Niacin's lipid-lowering action is unknown but may inhibit lipolysis in fat cells.

Niacin reduces triglycerides and VLDL levels by 25-35% within 1-4 days.

Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) levels are reduced by niacin in 5-7 days.

Niacin can increase High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) by 15-35%, more than any other drug.

To treat hyperlipidemia, the dose of niacin needed is 2000-3000 mg, much higher than for deficiency.

Common side effects include flushing, GI irritation, and muscle pain when combined with statins.

Peripheral vasodilation causes flushing; taking 325mg ASA or 200mg Ibuprofen 30 min prior helps.

Niacin is usually avoided in diabetics due to potential increases in blood sugar levels.

Hepatotoxicity occurs with sustained-release niacin products at doses over 1500mg.

Statins that inhibit HMG-CoA reductase to reduce cholesterol synthesis.

Statins cause cells to search for cholesterol from outside the cell.

Lower plasma cholesterol and LDL levels.

Statins undergo high first-pass metabolism, affecting absorption.

Fibrates that increase lipoprotein lipase to reduce triglycerides.

Fibrates can reduce triglycerides by 35-53%.

Fibrates can concentrate bile, increasing gallstone risk.

Can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, and liver tumors.

Gemfibrozil inhibits statin metabolism, increasing myopathy risk.

Nausea, RUQ abd pain, and clay-colored stool can indicate gallstones.

Common side effects of statins include muscle pain and elevated liver function tests.

More serious side effects, including severe muscle damage, are associated with Rosuvastatin (Crestor).

Grapefruit juice can inhibit the metabolism of statins, lasting up to 3 days after consumption.

Evaluate for new-onset diabetes during statin therapy as per current screening guidelines.

If muscle symptoms develop, discontinue statin and evaluate; consider a lower dose or alternative statin if resolved.

Medications that block dietary cholesterol absorption in the intestine.

An example of a cholesterol absorption inhibitor on the market.

Use is contraindicated in active liver disease and elevated liver enzymes.

Can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, back pain, and sinusitis.

Medications that significantly lower LDL cholesterol and raise HDL.

Statins help stabilize plaque in blood vessels.

Statins reduce CRP levels, lowering inflammation.

Statins may provide protection against dementia related to vasoconstriction.