Disorders of Arterial Circulation: Hyperlipidaemia

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a distinguishing characteristic of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia compared to homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia?

  • Plasma LDL levels are always above 1000 mg/dL.
  • Plasma LDL ranges are typically between 250 – 500 mg/dL. (correct)
  • Patients develop xanthomas in childhood.
  • Symptoms appear earlier in childhood.

Which lifestyle factor is most likely to contribute to the development of secondary hypercholesterolemia?

  • Regular exercise.
  • Low carbohydrate diet.
  • High-calorie diets. (correct)
  • Increased fiber intake.

What effect does excess ingestion of cholesterol have on LDL receptors?

  • Reduces the formation of LDL receptors. (correct)
  • Increases the formation of LDL receptors.
  • Has no effect on LDL receptors.
  • Increases LDL removal from circulation.

What typical lipid profile is seen in patients with diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome?

<p>Elevated triglycerides, low HDL, and slightly elevated LDL. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following conditions might you find significant elevations of lipids in the bloodstream?

<p>Obstructive liver disease. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of lipoproteins in hyperlipidemia?

<p>To transport cholesterol and triglycerides to tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT typically associated with elevated blood lipid levels?

<p>Obesity with low-calorie intake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Familial hypercholesterolemia is primarily due to defects in which component?

<p>LDL receptor synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lipoprotein is primarily responsible for transporting dietary lipids?

<p>Chylomicrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between triglyceride content and lipoprotein density?

<p>Lower triglyceride content increases density (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Secondary hyperlipidemia is primarily associated with which kind of conditions?

<p>Other health problems and behaviors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lipoprotein contains the highest density?

<p>High-density lipoprotein (HDL) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of hyperlipidemia?

<p>Decreased triglyceride synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hyperlipidemia

An excess of lipids (fats) in the blood.

Lipids

Fats and other fat-like substances in the body.

Lipoproteins

Lipids combined with proteins to travel in the blood.

Cholesterol

A type of lipid important for cell membranes and hormones.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Triglycerides

A type of fat used for energy storage.

Signup and view all the flashcards

HDL

High-density lipoprotein - a good type of lipoprotein.

Signup and view all the flashcards

LDL

Low-density lipoprotein - a bad type of lipoprotein.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Familial Hypercholesterolemia

A genetic disorder causing high LDL cholesterol levels.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Primary Hypercholesterolemia

High cholesterol levels due to genetic factors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Secondary Hyperlipidemia

High cholesterol due to other health problems or lifestyle factors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Familial Hypercholesterolemia

A genetic disorder causing high LDL cholesterol levels, leading to early atherosclerosis and heart disease.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Heterozygous FH

A less severe form of familial hypercholesterolemia with LDL levels between 250-500 mg/dL.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Homozygous FH

A more severe form of familial hypercholesterolemia with very high LDL levels (often above 1000 mg/dL), leading to early heart problems.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Xanthomas

Skin conditions caused by fat deposits under the skin, typically seen in severe hyperlipidemia.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Secondary Hypercholesterolemia

High cholesterol levels resulting from factors other than genetics, like diet and other health conditions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

High-calorie diet impact

High-calorie diets increase VLDL production, triglyceride levels, and conversion of VLDL to LDL. This can reduce LDL receptor formation, decreasing LDL removal.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Diabetes and Dyslipidemia

Diabetes often leads to a specific type of high lipid issue with elevated triglycerides, low HDL, and mild to moderate LDL.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Other systemic disorders

Conditions like hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome and liver disease can also elevate lipids.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Disorders of Arterial Circulation: Hyperlipidaemia

  • Hyperlipidaemia is an excess of lipids in the blood.
  • Lipids are classified as: triglycerides, natural fat, phospholipids, and cholesterol.
  • Cholesterol and triglycerides are insoluble in blood plasma.
  • They are encapsulated by a stabilizing coat of water-soluble phospholipids and proteins (apoproteins).
  • This combination is known as lipoproteins.

Lipoproteins

  • Lipoproteins transport cholesterol and triglycerides to various tissues for energy utilization.
  • They also contribute to lipid deposition, steroid hormone production, and bile acid formation.
  • Lipoproteins have different densities: chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, and HDL.
  • Density increases as the proportion of triglycerides decreases.

Primary Hypercholesterolemia

  • Characterized by elevated cholesterol levels independent of other health problems or lifestyle behaviors.
  • Often has a genetic basis:
    • Defective apoprotein synthesis.
    • Lack of or defective receptors.
    • Defects in cholesterol handling within cells.
  • Familial hypercholesterolemia (type 2A) is a genetic disorder where LDL receptors are deficient or defective.
  • This leads to a marked elevation in blood cholesterol levels.

Secondary Hypercholesterolemia

  • Elevated cholesterol levels linked to other health conditions and behaviors.
  • Causes like obesity, high-calorie diets, diabetes mellitus are involved.
  • High-calorie diets can elevate VLDL production, leading to higher triglyceride levels and increased conversion of VLDL to LDL.
  • High cholesterol intake can reduce LDL receptor formation and activity.
  • Other systemic disorders like hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, and obstructive liver disease may also contribute to elevated lipid levels.
  • In diabetes mellitus, there is typically dyslipidemia—elevated triglycerides, lowered HDL, and minimal or modest increases in LDL.

Familial Hypercholesterolemia

  • Heterozygous form: plasma LDL levels between 250-500 mg/dL.
    • Commonly have elevated cholesterol levels from birth, with symptom onset during adulthood
    • Can develop xanthomas (fatty deposits) and atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries)
    • Myocardial infarction (heart attack) can occur later in life.
  • Homozygous form: plasma LDL levels can rise to 1000 mg/dL.
    • More severely affected than heterozygotes.
    • Cutaneous xanthomas appear in childhood.
    • Myocardial infarction may occur earlier than in heterozygotes.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Disorders of Cardiovascular System - Hyperlipidemia PDF

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser