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Hyperlipidemia: Lipids and Lipoproteins
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Hyperlipidemia: Lipids and Lipoproteins

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Questions and Answers

Which lipoprotein is secreted from the liver to carry endogenous triglycerides into the blood circulation?

  • LDL
  • VLDL (correct)
  • HDL
  • Chylomicron

    • Which lipoprotein carries cholesterol from peripheral tissues and blood circulation to the liver for metabolism and/or secretion?

  • Chylomicron
  • HDL (correct)
  • VLDL
  • LDL

    • Which lipoprotein is secreted from the liver to carry endogenous cholesterol into the blood circulation?

  • LDL (correct)
  • Chylomicron
  • HDL
  • VLDL

    • What is correlated with coronary heart disease?

    <p>Elevated levels of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipoprotein is listed as the most atherogenic?

    <p>LDL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consists mostly of lipoproteins?

    <p>Spherical complexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combination is a lipoprotein?

    <p>Triglyceride and apolipoprotein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cholesterol is commonly referred to as 'bad' cholesterol?

    <p>Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lipoprotein removes cholesterol from the bloodstream?

    <p>High-density lipoproteins (HDL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipoprotein carries cholesterol from peripheral tissues and blood circulation to the liver for metabolism and/or secretion?

    <p>Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lipoprotein is secreted from the liver to carry endogenous triglycerides into the blood circulation?

    <p>Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of HMG CoA reductase inhibitors such as statins?

    <p>Competitively inhibiting HMG CoA reductase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a commonly known statin?

    <p>Gemfibrozil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do HMG CoA reductase inhibitors have on triglyceride levels?

    <p>Decrease triglyceride levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cell surface LDL receptors in the context of HMG CoA reductase inhibitors?

    <p>To increase LDL catabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended time of day for giving statins?

    <p>Evening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect is associated with statins?

    <p>Myopathy and rhabdomyolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of statins on pregnancy?

    <p>They are contraindicated during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential interaction may occur when using statins?

    <p>Increased effect of warfarin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Statins are the primary treatment option for hypercholesterolemia.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Statins should be given in the morning because major cholesterol synthesis happens at that time.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pregnant and lactating women can safely take statins.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elevated liver enzymes and myopathy are adverse effects associated with statins.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective effect of niacin on lipoproteins?

    <p>Reduction of LDL C by 20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is commonly associated with the use of niacin?

    <p>Elevated liver enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of niacin?

    <p>Inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action to prevent the intense cutaneous flush associated with niacin use?

    <p>Take NSAIDs before administrating niacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what condition should niacin be avoided or given with caution when used in combination with statins?

    <p>Hepatic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic use of niacin in the treatment of familial hyperlipidemias?

    <p>Reduces plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Niacin reduces LDL C by 20%.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Niacin lowers triglycerides by 35%.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Niacin is the most effective agent for increasing HDL C.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Niacin inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue, reducing production of free fatty acids.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Niacin is useful in the treatment of familial hyperlipidemias.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Niacin should be avoided in hepatic disease and used with caution with statins.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of fenofibrate and gemfibrozil in regulating lipid metabolism?

    <p>Activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is most efficacious in lowering triglycerides?

    <p>Fibric acid derivatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary therapeutic use of fibrates like fenofibrate and gemfibrozil?

    <p>Treating familial hyperlipidemias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do fibrates like fenofibrate and gemfibrozil have on triglyceride concentrations?

    <p>Decrease triglyceride concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common adverse effect associated with fibrate use?

    <p>Gallstones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect may occur in patients taking gemfibrozil and statins together?

    <p>Myopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary therapeutic use of niacin?

    <p>Increasing HDL cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of fenofibrate and gemfibrozil in regulating lipid metabolism?

    <p>Increasing HDL cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of bile acid binding resins?

    <p>Promoting the excretion of bile acids in the feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of bile acid binding resins on intracellular cholesterol concentrations?

    <p>Causing hepatocytes to increase conversion of cholesterol to bile acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit observed with bile acid binding resins in terms of lipid management?

    <p>Substantial lowering of LDL cholesterol levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is directly affected by the formation of a resin/bile acid complex with bile acid binding resins?

    <p>Bile acid concentration in the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of bile acid binding resins?

    <p>Enhancing the excretion of bile acids in feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common side effect associated with the use of bile acid binding resins?

    <p>Impaired absorption of fat-soluble vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary therapeutic use of bile acid binding resins?

    <p>Treating hypercholesterolemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do bile acid binding resins have on triglyceride levels?

    <p>Raising triglyceride levels in blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bile acid binding resins are often used in combination with diet or niacin for treating type IIA and type IIB hyperlipidemias.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bile acid sequestrants are absorbed and metabolically altered by the intestine after oral administration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common side effects of bile acid binding resins include constipation, nausea, and flatulence.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bile acid binding resins may impair the absorption of fat soluble vitamins and interfere with the absorption of many drugs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bile acid binding resins are absorbed and metabolically altered by the intestine after oral administration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Niacin is indicated for type 2 diabetes due to its glucose lowering effects.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bile acid binding resins may raise triglyceride levels and are contraindicated in patients with significant hypertriglyceridemia.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common side effects of bile acid binding resins include impaired absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ezetimibe selectively inhibits absorption of dietary and biliary cholesterol in the small intestine.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Niacin inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue, reducing production of free fatty acids.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bile acid binding resins are absorbed and metabolically altered by the intestine after oral administration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Niacin is indicated for type 2 diabetes due to its glucose-lowering effects.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Omega 3 fatty acids are essential fatty acids used for triglyceride lowering.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common side effects of omega 3 PUFAs include constipation, nausea, and flatulence.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bleeding risk can be increased in individuals concomitantly taking anticoagulants or antiplatelets with omega 3 PUFAs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Niacin is contraindicated in hepatic disease and should be used with caution with statins.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

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