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Questions and Answers
What is the primary factor that drives the process of diffusion?
Which of the following factors would NOT affect the rate of diffusion?
What is required for osmosis to occur?
What happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?
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Which characteristics of molecules would increase their diffusion rate across the plasma membrane?
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In a dialysis experiment using a cellulose tube, what is crucial for maintaining accurate results?
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Which statement is true regarding diffusion at equilibrium?
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Which type of molecules can typically diffuse through a selectively permeable membrane?
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How does an increase in temperature affect the rate of diffusion?
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Why are cells considered mini-osmometers?
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What component is primarily responsible for the semi-permeable nature of the cell membrane?
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What is the primary energy source required for active transport across the cell membrane?
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Which factor does NOT influence the degree of Brownian motion of particles in a solution?
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According to Fick's Law, how is the velocity of particle movement related to temperature and mass?
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In the context of solution formation, what is the correct relationship between solute and solvent?
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What does Brownian motion primarily result from?
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Which statement is incorrect regarding the components of the cell membrane?
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What characteristic of a solvent is critical for it to dissolve other substances effectively?
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Which scenario correctly illustrates passive transport?
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Which of the following correctly describes the role of kinetic energy in Brownian motion?
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What is the effect on a cell when it is immersed in a hypotonic solution?
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Which formula correctly relates osmotic pressure to solute concentration as proposed by van’t Hoff?
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At which concentration of NaCl will hemolysis likely occur when mixed with sheep's blood?
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What happens to osmotic pressure when solute concentrations are equal on both sides of a membrane?
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Which of the following is NOT a variable in the osmotic pressure equation ╥ = icsoluteRT?
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What is the primary aim of the centrifuge step in the described procedure?
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The correction factor 'i' in the osmotic pressure formula defines what?
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Which solution is expected to have the highest osmotic pressure in the procedure?
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What is hematocrit a measure of in blood analysis?
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In the given procedure, what indicates that hemolysis has occurred when comparing solutions?
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Study Notes
Cell Structure and Membrane Physiology
- Cell membranes are semi-permeable, maintaining internal conditions by regulating pH, osmolality, and nutrient levels.
- Composed of a phospholipid bilayer, proteins, glycolipids, and cholesterol; composition varies based on cell function.
Transport Mechanisms
- Passive Transport: Movement down a concentration gradient without ATP; relies on pressure/gradient difference.
- Active Transport: Requires ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient.
Brownian Motion
- Discovered by Robert Brown in 1827, refers to the random movement of small particles in a solution due to collision with molecules.
- Kinetic energy is present in all objects; degree of motion varies: gas > liquid > solid.
- Influenced by temperature, mass, and environment, as described by Fick's Law (velocity = temp/√mass).
Solutions and Diffusion
- Solution: Mixture of solute (substance being dissolved) and solvent (substance doing the dissolving).
- Diffusion is the passive movement of solute molecules from high to low concentration; driven by kinetic energy without ATP.
- Factors affecting diffusion include concentration gradient, mass of molecules, temperature, solvent density, solubility, surface area, membrane thickness, and distance.
Osmosis
- Defined as the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane from areas of high solvent concentration to low solvent concentration.
- Requires an osmotic gradient and a semi-permeable membrane for water movement.
Tonicity and Osmotic Pressure
- Tonicity describes the influence of a solution on cell shape:
- Isotonic: Equal concentration of solutes; cell shape remains unchanged.
- Hypertonic: Higher solute concentration outside the cell; causes cell to shrink.
- Hypotonic: Lower solute concentration outside; causes cells to swell.
- Osmotic pressure measures the tendency of a solution to draw in water; proposed by Jacobus van’t Hoff.
Hematocrit Measurement
- Measures the packed cell volume (PCV) or the percentage of blood volume made up of red blood cells.
- Procedure involves centrifuging blood samples and assessing levels of hemolysis and transparency in solutions.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of membrane physiology, focusing on cell organelles and biological membranes. Students will explore the properties and functions of cell membranes, including their semi-permeable nature. Prepare to deepen your understanding of cellular structures and their significance.