Cell Physiology: Plasma Membrane and Organelles
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the plasma membrane?

  • Produces proteins
  • Aids in cell movement
  • Stores genetic material
  • Regulates the intracellular environment (correct)

    • Which component of the plasma membrane is responsible for allowing the passage of electrolytes and non-lipid soluble substances?

  • Cholesterol
  • Nuclear envelope
  • Phospholipid bilayer (correct)
  • Mitochondria

    • What type of molecules make up the outer surfaces of the plasma membrane?

  • Hydrophobic tails
  • Hydrophilic heads (correct)
  • Centrioles
  • Cholesterol

    • Which organelle is responsible for producing proteins in a cell?

    <p>Rough endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in processing, packaging, and distributing proteins and lipids?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of centrioles in a cell?

    <p>Aid in cell movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Control entry and exit of substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process allows passage of small lipid-soluble molecules across the membrane?

    <p>Simple diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of membrane proteins with branched carbohydrate molecules?

    <p>Act as 'self' markers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves passive movement of water across a semipermeable membrane?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport moves substances against their concentration gradient using energy from ATP?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is the control center of the cell?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the ingestion of large particles by the cell?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What maintains unequal concentrations of sodium and potassium ions within the cell?

    <p>Sodium-potassium pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves passive movement of water across a semipermeable membrane?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are organelles described as in the given text?

    <p>Small organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the nucleus present in the body?

    <p>In all body cells except mature erythrocytes, also found in skeletal muscle fibers and some other cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is described as the 'power house' of the cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

    <p>Breaking down fragments of organelles and large molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Synthesizing proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes primarily located in a cell?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

    <p>Packaging proteins into membrane-bound vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell?

    <p>Storing genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is involved in the synthesis and assembly of the components of ribosomes?

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for processing, packaging, and distributing proteins and lipids?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nuclear envelope?

    <p>Regulating entry of substances into the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the passive movement of water across a semipermeable membrane?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes primarily located in a cell?

    <p>Rough endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of centrioles in a cell?

    <p>Organizing the spindle fibers during cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of membrane proteins with branched carbohydrate molecules?

    <p>Act as 'self' markers, defining the cell's immunological identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

    <p>Processing, packaging, and distributing proteins and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What maintains unequal concentrations of sodium and potassium ions within the cell?

    <p>Sodium-potassium pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the nucleus present in the body?

    <p>In all body cells except mature erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport moves substances against their concentration gradient using energy from ATP?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Synthesis, folding, and modification of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

    <p>Digestion of particles too large to cross cell membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves passive movement of water across a semipermeable membrane?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are organelles described as in the given text?

    <p>Specialized structures enclosed by their own membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in processing, packaging, and distributing proteins and lipids?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Control entry and exit of substances, providing selective permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of molecules make up the outer surfaces of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Molecules with branched carbohydrate molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

    <p>Breaking down fragments of organelles and large molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes primarily located in a cell?

    <p>Rough endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Processing, packaging, and distributing proteins and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell?

    <p>Storing genetic material in the form of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the nucleus present in the body?

    <p>In all cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in processing, packaging, and distributing proteins and lipids?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of membrane proteins with branched carbohydrate molecules?

    <p>Acting as receptors for signaling molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Synthesising lipids and steroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

    <p>Processing, packaging, and distributing proteins and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport moves substances against their concentration gradient using energy from ATP?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of centrioles in a cell?

    <p>Organising microtubules during cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves passive movement of water across a semipermeable membrane?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the plasma membrane is responsible for allowing the passage of electrolytes and non-lipid soluble substances?

    <p>Membrane proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Processing, packaging, and distributing proteins and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Processing, packaging, and distributing proteins and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is described as the 'power house' of the cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes primarily located in a cell?

    <p>Rough endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What maintains unequal concentrations of sodium and potassium ions within the cell?

    <p>Plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the movement of large molecules only through pores or channels?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the sodium-potassium pump?

    <p>Maintaining unequal concentrations of sodium and potassium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the nucleus not present in the body?

    <p>Mature erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of pinocytosis and phagocytosis?

    <p>Digestion of substances in lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of membrane proteins with branched carbohydrate molecules?

    <p>'Self' markers defining the cell's immunological identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes primarily located in a cell?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport moves substances against their concentration gradient using energy from ATP?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of lysosomes in a cell?

    <p>Digestion of substances and waste materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organelle is responsible for processing, packaging, and distributing proteins and lipids?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Processing and packaging proteins and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes primarily located in a cell?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nuclear envelope?

    <p>Containing the body's genetic material and allowing passage of some substances between it and the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing lipids and steroid hormones?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ribosomes when present in free units or in small clusters in the cytoplasm?

    <p>Making proteins for use within the cell, including the enzymes required for metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes primarily located in a cell?

    <p>On the rough endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of lysosomes in a cell?

    <p>Breaking down fragments of organelles and large molecules into smaller particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Processing, packaging, and distributing proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Allowing passage of small lipid-soluble molecules across the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in a cell?

    <p>Synthesizing proteins from amino acids using RNA as the template</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is a roughly spherical structure called the nucleolus found?

    <p>Within the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are mitochondria described as in the given text?

    <p>Central to aerobic respiration and processes by which chemical energy is made available in the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Processing, packaging, and distributing proteins for export from the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in synthesis and assembly of ribosomal components?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Plasma membrane encloses each cell and provides selective permeability, controlling entry and exit of substances.

    • Selective permeability allows passage of small molecules by simple diffusion and large molecules only through pores or channels.

    • Some membrane proteins act as receptors for hormones and chemical messengers, others function as enzymes.

    • Membrane proteins with branched carbohydrate molecules act as 'self' markers, defining the cell's immunological identity.

    • Passive transport includes diffusion for small lipid-soluble and water-soluble molecules, as well as facilitated diffusion for larger, water-soluble substances.

    • Osmosis is passive movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.

    • Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient using energy from ATP and specialized protein carrier molecules.

    • Sodium-potassium pump is an essential active transport mechanism, maintaining unequal concentrations of sodium and potassium ions.

    • Bulk transport of particles too large to cross cell membranes occurs by pinocytosis or phagocytosis, with subsequent digestion in lysosomes and extrusion through exocytosis.

    • Organelles, or small organs, have specialized functions and are often enclosed by their own membranes, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.

    • Nucleus, the control center of the cell, is present in all body cells except mature erythrocytes, also found in skeletal muscle fibers and some other cells.

    • Plasma membrane encloses each cell and provides selective permeability, controlling entry and exit of substances.

    • Selective permeability allows passage of small molecules by simple diffusion and large molecules only through pores or channels.

    • Some membrane proteins act as receptors for hormones and chemical messengers, others function as enzymes.

    • Membrane proteins with branched carbohydrate molecules act as 'self' markers, defining the cell's immunological identity.

    • Passive transport includes diffusion for small lipid-soluble and water-soluble molecules, as well as facilitated diffusion for larger, water-soluble substances.

    • Osmosis is passive movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.

    • Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient using energy from ATP and specialized protein carrier molecules.

    • Sodium-potassium pump is an essential active transport mechanism, maintaining unequal concentrations of sodium and potassium ions.

    • Bulk transport of particles too large to cross cell membranes occurs by pinocytosis or phagocytosis, with subsequent digestion in lysosomes and extrusion through exocytosis.

    • Organelles, or small organs, have specialized functions and are often enclosed by their own membranes, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.

    • Nucleus, the control center of the cell, is present in all body cells except mature erythrocytes, also found in skeletal muscle fibers and some other cells.

    • Plasma membrane encloses each cell and provides selective permeability, controlling entry and exit of substances.

    • Selective permeability allows passage of small molecules by simple diffusion and large molecules only through pores or channels.

    • Some membrane proteins act as receptors for hormones and chemical messengers, others function as enzymes.

    • Membrane proteins with branched carbohydrate molecules act as 'self' markers, defining the cell's immunological identity.

    • Passive transport includes diffusion for small lipid-soluble and water-soluble molecules, as well as facilitated diffusion for larger, water-soluble substances.

    • Osmosis is passive movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.

    • Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient using energy from ATP and specialized protein carrier molecules.

    • Sodium-potassium pump is an essential active transport mechanism, maintaining unequal concentrations of sodium and potassium ions.

    • Bulk transport of particles too large to cross cell membranes occurs by pinocytosis or phagocytosis, with subsequent digestion in lysosomes and extrusion through exocytosis.

    • Organelles, or small organs, have specialized functions and are often enclosed by their own membranes, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.

    • Nucleus, the control center of the cell, is present in all body cells except mature erythrocytes, also found in skeletal muscle fibers and some other cells.

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    Test your knowledge of cell physiology with a focus on the structure and functions of the plasma membrane, rough endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, and other organelles. Explore the fundamental aspects of cell survival and the regulation of the intracellular environment.

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