172 Questions
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
Regulation of intracellular environment
Which component of the plasma membrane forms a central water-repelling layer?
Phospholipid tails
What type of molecules provide channels for the passage of electrolytes and non-lipid soluble substances across the plasma membrane?
Proteins extending through the membrane
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
What is the function of the nucleolus within the cell?
Synthesis of proteins
Which structure is primarily responsible for the production of ATP in the cell?
Mitochondria
What is the main function of the plasma membrane?
Controlling the entry and exit of substances
What determines the membrane's permeability?
Particle size
Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?
Photosynthesis
What type of water movement is osmosis?
Passive movement
Which process involves moving substances against their concentration gradient?
Active transport
What is the main function of the sodium-potassium pump?
Maintaining ion concentrations
What is the process where particles too large to cross cell membranes are engulfed by the cell?
Pinocytosis
What is the function of organelles within cells?
Performing distinct functions
What do body cells, except mature erythrocytes, contain?
A central nucleus
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for storage or transport out of the cell
What is the main role of lysosomes?
Degrading cellular waste and foreign material
What is the function of cytoskeleton in a cell?
Maintaining cell shape and providing mechanical support to the cell
Which organelle is described as the 'power house' of the cell?
Mitochondria
What substance is found in the nucleus and is involved in protein synthesis?
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
What structure is involved in synthesis and assembly of the components of ribosomes?
Nucleolus
Which organelle is responsible for the detoxification of some drugs and the synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Where are ribosomes found when they are involved in manufacturing proteins for export from the cell?
Outer surface of the nuclear envelope and rough endoplasmic reticulum
Which organelle contains enzymes involved in breaking down fragments of organelles and large molecules inside the cell?
Lysosomes
What substance directs all the metabolic activities of the cell?
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
What type of ER is studded with ribosomes and is responsible for the synthesis of proteins for export from cells?
Rough ER
What structures move from the ER to the plasma membrane to expel contents from the cell through exocytosis?
Golgi apparatus
What type of RNA is found in the nucleus and involved in protein synthesis?
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
What are membranous vesicles pinched off from the Golgi apparatus that contain enzymes involved in breaking down fragments inside the cell?
Lysosomes
In which organelle does DNA exist as a fine network of threads called chromatin in a non-dividing cell?
Nucleus
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
Regulating the intracellular environment
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
What type of molecules provide channels for the passage of electrolytes and non-lipid soluble substances across the plasma membrane?
Proteins
Where are ribosomes found when they are involved in manufacturing proteins for export from the cell?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
What determines the membrane's permeability?
Phospholipids
What structure is primarily responsible for the production of ATP in the cell?
Mitochondria
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
Maintaining the internal environment's chemical composition
What type of water movement is osmosis?
Passive transport
What determines the membrane's permeability?
Particle size
What do body cells, except mature erythrocytes, contain?
Multiple nuclei
Which process involves moving substances against their concentration gradient?
Active transport
What is the main function of lysosomes?
Digesting engulfed particles
Which organelle is described as the 'power house' of the cell?
Mitochondria
What structure is involved in synthesis and assembly of the components of ribosomes?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What is the function of organelles within cells?
Performing distinct functions
What is the function of the sodium-potassium pump?
Maintaining ion concentrations
What type of molecules provide channels for the passage of electrolytes and non-lipid soluble substances across the plasma membrane?
Integral proteins
Where are ribosomes found when they are involved in manufacturing proteins for export from the cell?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?
Producing ATP through aerobic respiration
Where are ribosomes found when they are involved in manufacturing proteins for export from the cell?
Golgi apparatus
What type of RNA is found in the nucleus and involved in protein synthesis?
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
What is the main function of the plasma membrane?
Regulating the passage of substances into and out of the cell
What structure is involved in synthesis and assembly of the components of ribosomes?
Nucleolus
What determines the membrane's permeability?
Lipid composition
What is the main role of lysosomes in a cell?
Breaking down fragments of organelles and large molecules
In which organelle does DNA exist as a fine network of threads called chromatin in a non-dividing cell?
Nucleus
What substance is found in the nucleus and is involved in protein synthesis?
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
What type of ER synthesises lipids and steroid hormones, and is associated with detoxification of some drugs?
Smooth ER
What is the function of organelles within cells?
Synthesis and breakdown of molecules
What structures move from the ER to the plasma membrane to expel contents from the cell through exocytosis?
Vesicles
What forms a central water-repelling layer in the plasma membrane?
Phospholipid head
What organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Which structure contains enzymes involved in breaking down fragments inside the cell?
Lysosomes
What determines the membrane's permeability?
Cholesterol
Which type of ER is associated with detoxification of some drugs and synthesizes lipids and steroid hormones?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Which organelle is described as the 'power house' of the cell?
Mitochondria
Which process involves the movement of substances across the membrane without using energy?
Facilitated diffusion
What organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What is the function of the sodium-potassium pump?
Maintaining ion concentrations
Which organelle is described as the 'power house' of the cell?
Mitochondria
What type of molecules provide channels for the passage of electrolytes and non-lipid soluble substances across the plasma membrane?
Proteins
Where is DNA found as a fine network of threads called chromatin in a non-dividing cell?
Nucleus
What structure is primarily responsible for the production of ATP in the cell?
Mitochondria
What determines the membrane's permeability?
Particle size
What do body cells, except mature erythrocytes, contain?
Ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum
What is the function of organelles within cells?
Control substance entry and exit
What is the main function of lysosomes?
Detoxification and lipid synthesis
What structure is involved in synthesis and assembly of the components of ribosomes?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What is the primary function of the nucleolus within the cell?
Involved in synthesis and assembly of the components of ribosomes
Where are ribosomes found when they are involved in manufacturing proteins for export from the cell?
Golgi apparatus
What is the main role of lysosomes in a cell?
Breaking down fragments of organelles and large molecules
What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?
Producing ATP through aerobic respiration
What type of RNA is found in the nucleus and involved in protein synthesis?
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
What determines the membrane's permeability?
Membrane proteins
What structures move from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane to expel contents from the cell through exocytosis?
Vesicles
Which process involves moving substances against their concentration gradient?
Active transport
What is the function of cytoskeleton in a cell?
Maintaining cell shape and aiding in cell movement
In which organelle does DNA exist as a fine network of threads called chromatin in a non-dividing cell?
Nucleus
Which organelle contains enzymes involved in breaking down fragments of organelles and large molecules inside the cell?
Lysosomes
What structures are primarily responsible for the production of ATP in the cell?
Mitochondria
Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
What type of water movement is characterized by the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?
Osmosis
What determines the membrane's permeability?
Phospholipids
Which type of ER is associated with the synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones, as well as detoxification of some drugs?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane in a cell?
Regulation of intracellular environment
Where does DNA exist as a fine network of threads called chromatin in a non-dividing cell?
Nucleus
Which process involves the movement of substances against their concentration gradient?
Active transport
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
Maintaining the cell's internal environment
What organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins in the cell?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Where are ribosomes found when they are involved in manufacturing proteins for export from the cell?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What type of molecules provide channels for the passage of electrolytes and non-lipid soluble substances across the plasma membrane?
Proteins
What structure is described as the 'power house' of the cell?
Mitochondria
What is the function of the sodium-potassium pump?
Maintaining ion concentrations
What structures are primarily responsible for the production of ATP in the cell?
Mitochondria
Which organelle contains enzymes involved in breaking down fragments inside the cell?
Lysosomes
What do body cells, except mature erythrocytes, contain?
Nuclei
What determines the membrane's permeability?
Particle size
Which organelle is involved in bulk transport by engulfing particles too large to cross cell membranes and digesting them in lysosomes?
Golgi apparatus
What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesizing lipids and steroid hormones
Where is the genetic material of the cell located?
Nucleus
What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?
Breaking down fragments inside the cell into smaller particles
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins from amino acids?
Ribosomes
What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
Packaging proteins into membrane-bound vesicles for exocytosis
Which organelle is described as the 'power house' of the cell?
Mitochondria
In a non-dividing cell, DNA is present as a fine network of threads called:
Chromatin
What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?
Lipid synthesis and detoxification
Which organelle is responsible for the breakdown of fragments of organelles and large molecules inside the cell?
Lysosomes
What determines the membrane's permeability in a cell?
Phospholipid bilayer arrangement
In which organelle does DNA exist as a fine network of threads called chromatin in a non-dividing cell?
Nucleus
What is the main function of the plasma membrane in a cell?
Regulation of substance passage into and out of the cell
Which structure is primarily responsible for the production of ATP in the cell?
Mitochondria
What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesis of proteins
In which organelle does DNA exist as a fine network of threads called chromatin in a non-dividing cell?
Nucleus
Which organelle is described as the 'power house' of the cell?
Mitochondria
What determines the membrane's permeability?
Plasma membrane
What is the main function of lysosomes in a cell?
Digestion of particles
Where are ribosomes found when they are involved in manufacturing proteins for export from the cell?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
What type of ER is associated with the synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones, as well as detoxification of some drugs?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
What is the main role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
'Packaging' proteins into membrane-bound vesicles
Which organelle contains enzymes involved in breaking down fragments inside the cell?
'Digesting' particles
What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?
Central to aerobic respiration and ATP production
What structure is involved in synthesis and assembly of the components of ribosomes?
Nucleolus
What determines the membrane's permeability?
Plasma membrane
Which of the following is responsible for passive water movement across a semipermeable membrane, following a concentration gradient?
Plasma membrane
What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump in a cell?
Maintaining ion concentrations
Which organelle is primarily responsible for the production of ATP in the cell?
Mitochondria
What process involves substances moving down their concentration gradient across the membrane without using energy?
Diffusion
Which organelle is involved in engulfing particles too large to cross cell membranes and subsequently digesting them in lysosomes?
Plasma membrane
In a non-dividing cell, where does DNA exist as a fine network of threads called chromatin?
Nucleus
What structure primarily determines the membrane's permeability in a cell?
Plasma membrane
What is the main function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?
Detoxification and lipid synthesis
What type of molecules provide channels for the passage of electrolytes and non-lipid soluble substances across the plasma membrane?
Proteins
What is the function of organelles within cells?
Performing distinct functions
What substance is found in the nucleus and is involved in protein synthesis?
DNA
In which organelle does DNA exist as a fine network of threads called chromatin in a non-dividing cell?
Nucleus
Which organelle is primarily responsible for the breakdown of fragments of organelles and large molecules inside the cell?
Lysosomes
What type of ER is associated with the synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones, as well as detoxification of some drugs?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
What structure is involved in the synthesis and assembly of the components of ribosomes?
Nucleolus
Which component of the plasma membrane forms a central water-repelling layer?
Phospholipid bilayer
Where is DNA found as a fine network of threads called chromatin in a non-dividing cell?
Nuclear envelope
What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
Processing and packaging of proteins
What organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell?
Endoplasmic reticulum
In a non-dividing cell, where does DNA exist as a fine network of threads called chromatin?
Nucleus
Which organelle is described as the 'power house' of the cell?
Mitochondria
Where are ribosomes found when they are involved in manufacturing proteins for export from the cell?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What is the main function of lysosomes?
Cellular waste breakdown
What determines the membrane's permeability?
Plasma membrane
What type of molecules provide channels for the passage of electrolytes and non-lipid soluble substances across the plasma membrane?
Lysosomal enzymes
3
Plasma membrane
What organelle contains enzymes involved in breaking down fragments inside the cell?
Lysosomes
Where does DNA exist as a fine network of threads called chromatin in a non-dividing cell?
Nucleus
What do body cells, except mature erythrocytes, contain?
Nucleus
Which process involves the movement of substances against their concentration gradient without utilizing energy?
Passive transport
What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump in a cell?
Maintaining ion concentrations
Which organelle is primarily responsible for the production of ATP in the cell?
Mitochondria
What structure is primarily responsible for the production of ATP in the cell?
Mitochondria
What is the main role of lysosomes in a cell?
Digesting particles engulfed by the cell
Where does DNA exist as a fine network of threads called chromatin in a non-dividing cell?
Nucleus
What is the function of organelles within cells?
Performing distinct functions within cells
What determines the membrane's permeability?
Particle size
Which type of ER is associated with the synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones, as well as detoxification of some drugs?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
What structure is involved in synthesis and assembly of the components of ribosomes?
Nucleolus
Study Notes
-
The plasma membrane encases each cell and controls the selective entry and exit of substances, maintaining the internal environment's chemical composition.
-
The membrane's permeability depends on particle size; small molecules can diffuse through, while larger ones are confined to interstitial or intracellular fluids.
-
Membrane proteins function in various roles, including acting as 'self' markers, receptors for hormones and other chemical messengers, enzymes, and forming channels for substance transport.
-
Passive transport occurs when substances move down their concentration gradient across the membrane without using energy, involving diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
-
Osmosis is passive water movement across a semipermeable membrane, following a concentration gradient.
-
Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, utilizing chemical energy (ATP), and includes the sodium-potassium pump, which maintains ion concentrations.
-
Bulk transport involves particles too large to cross cell membranes, which are engulfed by the cell through pinocytosis or phagocytosis and are subsequently digested in lysosomes.
-
Organelles are specialized subunits within cells, each performing distinct functions and enclosed by their own membrane, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.
-
All body cells, except mature erythrocytes, contain a nucleus, and some cells like muscle fibers have multiple nuclei.
-
The plasma membrane encases each cell and controls the selective entry and exit of substances, maintaining the internal environment's chemical composition.
-
The membrane's permeability depends on particle size; small molecules can diffuse through, while larger ones are confined to interstitial or intracellular fluids.
-
Membrane proteins function in various roles, including acting as 'self' markers, receptors for hormones and other chemical messengers, enzymes, and forming channels for substance transport.
-
Passive transport occurs when substances move down their concentration gradient across the membrane without using energy, involving diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
-
Osmosis is passive water movement across a semipermeable membrane, following a concentration gradient.
-
Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, utilizing chemical energy (ATP), and includes the sodium-potassium pump, which maintains ion concentrations.
-
Bulk transport involves particles too large to cross cell membranes, which are engulfed by the cell through pinocytosis or phagocytosis and are subsequently digested in lysosomes.
-
Organelles are specialized subunits within cells, each performing distinct functions and enclosed by their own membrane, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.
-
All body cells, except mature erythrocytes, contain a nucleus, and some cells like muscle fibers have multiple nuclei.
-
The plasma membrane encases each cell and controls the selective entry and exit of substances, maintaining the internal environment's chemical composition.
-
The membrane's permeability depends on particle size; small molecules can diffuse through, while larger ones are confined to interstitial or intracellular fluids.
-
Membrane proteins function in various roles, including acting as 'self' markers, receptors for hormones and other chemical messengers, enzymes, and forming channels for substance transport.
-
Passive transport occurs when substances move down their concentration gradient across the membrane without using energy, involving diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
-
Osmosis is passive water movement across a semipermeable membrane, following a concentration gradient.
-
Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, utilizing chemical energy (ATP), and includes the sodium-potassium pump, which maintains ion concentrations.
-
Bulk transport involves particles too large to cross cell membranes, which are engulfed by the cell through pinocytosis or phagocytosis and are subsequently digested in lysosomes.
-
Organelles are specialized subunits within cells, each performing distinct functions and enclosed by their own membrane, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.
-
All body cells, except mature erythrocytes, contain a nucleus, and some cells like muscle fibers have multiple nuclei.
-
The plasma membrane encases each cell and controls the selective entry and exit of substances, maintaining the internal environment's chemical composition.
-
The membrane's permeability depends on particle size; small molecules can diffuse through, while larger ones are confined to interstitial or intracellular fluids.
-
Membrane proteins function in various roles, including acting as 'self' markers, receptors for hormones and other chemical messengers, enzymes, and forming channels for substance transport.
-
Passive transport occurs when substances move down their concentration gradient across the membrane without using energy, involving diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
-
Osmosis is passive water movement across a semipermeable membrane, following a concentration gradient.
-
Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, utilizing chemical energy (ATP), and includes the sodium-potassium pump, which maintains ion concentrations.
-
Bulk transport involves particles too large to cross cell membranes, which are engulfed by the cell through pinocytosis or phagocytosis and are subsequently digested in lysosomes.
-
Organelles are specialized subunits within cells, each performing distinct functions and enclosed by their own membrane, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.
-
All body cells, except mature erythrocytes, contain a nucleus, and some cells like muscle fibers have multiple nuclei.
-
The plasma membrane encases each cell and controls the selective entry and exit of substances, maintaining the internal environment's chemical composition.
-
The membrane's permeability depends on particle size; small molecules can diffuse through, while larger ones are confined to interstitial or intracellular fluids.
-
Membrane proteins function in various roles, including acting as 'self' markers, receptors for hormones and other chemical messengers, enzymes, and forming channels for substance transport.
-
Passive transport occurs when substances move down their concentration gradient across the membrane without using energy, involving diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
-
Osmosis is passive water movement across a semipermeable membrane, following a concentration gradient.
-
Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, utilizing chemical energy (ATP), and includes the sodium-potassium pump, which maintains ion concentrations.
-
Bulk transport involves particles too large to cross cell membranes, which are engulfed by the cell through pinocytosis or phagocytosis and are subsequently digested in lysosomes.
-
Organelles are specialized subunits within cells, each performing distinct functions and enclosed by their own membrane, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.
-
All body cells, except mature erythrocytes, contain a nucleus, and some cells like muscle fibers have multiple nuclei.
-
The plasma membrane encases each cell and controls the selective entry and exit of substances, maintaining the internal environment's chemical composition.
-
The membrane's permeability depends on particle size; small molecules can diffuse through, while larger ones are confined to interstitial or intracellular fluids.
-
Membrane proteins function in various roles, including acting as 'self' markers, receptors for hormones and other chemical messengers, enzymes, and forming channels for substance transport.
-
Passive transport occurs when substances move down their concentration gradient across the membrane without using energy, involving diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
-
Osmosis is passive water movement across a semipermeable membrane, following a concentration gradient.
-
Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, utilizing chemical energy (ATP), and includes the sodium-potassium pump, which maintains ion concentrations.
-
Bulk transport involves particles too large to cross cell membranes, which are engulfed by the cell through pinocytosis or phagocytosis and are subsequently digested in lysosomes.
-
Organelles are specialized subunits within cells, each performing distinct functions and enclosed by their own membrane, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.
-
All body cells, except mature erythrocytes, contain a nucleus, and some cells like muscle fibers have multiple nuclei.
Test your knowledge of cell physiology with a focus on the structure and functions of the plasma membrane, rough endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, and other organelles. Understand how membranes control the passage of substances and regulate the intracellular environment.
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