Chapter 50
40 Questions
12 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of parietal cells in the gastric glands?

  • Producing hydrochloric acid (correct)
  • Secreting pepsinogen
  • Producing hormones like gastrin
  • Secreting mucus for protection

    • Which cell type is responsible for secreting pepsinogen?

  • Chief cells (correct)
  • Enterochromaffin cells
  • Parietal cells
  • Mucous cells

    • What role does hydrochloric acid (HCl) play in the digestive process?

  • It lubricates the stomach lining to prevent ulcers.
  • It activates pepsinogen into pepsin for protein digestion. (correct)
  • It prevents pathogens from entering the bloodstream.
  • It balances the pH levels in the gastrointestinal tract.

    • What is the implicated bacterium in peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?

    <p>Helicobacter pylori</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically involved in the first-line therapy for peptic ulcer disease?

    <p>Antacids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk factor for stress-related mucosal damage?

    <p>Mucosal ischemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells secrete hormones such as gastrin that stimulate acid production?

    <p>Endocrine cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach?

    <p>Pepsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism through which antacids provide relief from acid-related disorders?

    <p>Neutralizing existing stomach acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are antacids contraindicated in patients with severe renal failure or electrolyte disturbances?

    <p>They may accumulate toxic levels of electrolytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antacids can promote gastric mucosal defense mechanisms by increasing the production of which of the following substances?

    <p>Mucus and prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What compound is commonly associated with causing constipation when used as an antacid?

    <p>Aluminum salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do magnesium salts in antacids typically have on the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>They can cause diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions does antacids NOT perform?

    <p>Prevent overproduction of acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For patients with renal disease, which antacid is typically recommended due to its easier excretion?

    <p>Aluminum salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of raising gastric pH by 1 point using antacids?

    <p>Reduces the protein-digesting ability of pepsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can magnesium toxicity potentially lead to in patients with renal failure?

    <p>Muscle weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following side effects is associated with calcium salt antacids?

    <p>Constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adjustment should be made when administering magnesium salts to patients with renal failure?

    <p>Adjust according to renal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common antiflatulent mentioned in the content?

    <p>Simethicone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions do H2 receptor antagonists effectively treat?

    <p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a consequence of using magnesium salts in high doses over extended periods?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following adverse effects is most likely associated with calcium salts?

    <p>Kidney stones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for H2 receptor antagonists?

    <p>Blocking histamine action at H2 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does smoking have on the effectiveness of H2 blockers?

    <p>Increases the production of gastric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it recommended to take H2 receptor antagonists before antacids?

    <p>To ensure antacids work on a smaller amount of acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?

    <p>Block the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential effect can cimetidine have on other medications?

    <p>Increase their serum levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is NOT typically treated with proton pump inhibitors?

    <p>Achlorhydria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the action of proton pump inhibitors on gastric acid secretion?

    <p>Temporary blocking of gastric acid secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about cimetidine is accurate?

    <p>It has a high potential for drug interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the decline in the use of cimetidine compared to other H2 antagonists?

    <p>Its potential for significant drug interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Misoprostol?

    <p>To treat gastric ulcers caused by NSAIDs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Simethicone reduce gas discomfort?

    <p>By altering the elasticity of gas bubbles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key nursing implication for administering chewable antacid tablets?

    <p>They must be chewed thoroughly before administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect of long-term antacid use?

    <p>Constipation and acid rebound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored in patients taking antacids?

    <p>Symptom relief and improvement in condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which population should H2 antagonists be used with caution?

    <p>Confused or disoriented patients and the elderly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should H2 antagonists be administered in relation to antacids?

    <p>1 to 2 hours before antacids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom indicates a possible condition that may persist despite antacid therapy?

    <p>Persistent or worsening symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cells of the Gastric Gland

    • Parietal Cells produce hydrochloric acid (HCl) that plays a vital role in digestion
    • Chief Cells produce pepsinogen, a precursor to pepsin, which breaks down proteins
    • Mucous Cells secrete mucus, protecting the stomach lining from the acidic environment
    • Endocrine Cells secrete hormones like gastrin that stimulate acid production
    • Enterochromaffin Cells secrete histamine, an additional stimulant of HCl production

    Hydrochloric Acid

    • Parietal Cell Secretion: Parietal cells in the gastric glands secrete HCl.
    • Digestive Function: HCl activates pepsinogen, initiating protein digestion.
    • Antimicrobial Defense: HCl protects the gastrointestinal tract from pathogens.
    • Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD): Characterized by sores in the stomach or duodenum caused by pepsin.
    • Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori): Implicated in PUD, colonizing the GI tract in most PUD patients.
    • First-line PUD Therapy: 10- to 14-day course of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), clarithromycin, and amoxicillin.
    • Stress-Related Mucosal Damage: Common in critical care, due to factors like decreased blood flow and hypoperfusion.
    • Predisposing Factors: Nasogastric tubes and ventilators are risk factors for GI bleeding.
    • Prophylaxis: Stress ulcer prophylaxis is generally not recommended outside the ICU.

    Antacids

    • Mechanism of Action: Neutralize stomach acid, promote gastric mucosal defense mechanisms, and elevate gastric pH.
    • Drug Effects: Reduce pain associated with acid disorders by neutralizing stomach acid and increasing resistance of the stomach lining to irritation.
    • Contraindications: Contraindicated in patients with severe renal failure, electrolyte disturbances, and gastrointestinal obstruction.

    Antacids: Types

    • Aluminum Salts: Can cause constipation but are recommended for patients with renal disease.
    • Magnesium Salts: Used in antacid formulations, effective in neutralizing acid, and can relieve constipation, however can cause diarrhea.
    • Calcium Salts: The most common form of calcium salt antacids, can cause constipation, kidney stones, and increase gastric acid secretion.

    Antacids and Antiflatulents

    • Antiflatulents: Relieve symptoms associated with gas.
    • Simethicone (Mylicon): A common antiflatulent that breaks up gas bubbles in the gastrointestinal tract.
    • Mechanism of Action: Simethicone reduces surface tension of gas bubbles, allowing for easier release.

    Antacids: Adverse Effects

    • Constipation: Aluminum and calcium salts can cause constipation, especially at high doses or prolonged use.
    • Diarrhea: Magnesium salts can cause diarrhea, potentially leading to dehydration.
    • Kidney Stones: Calcium salts may increase the risk of kidney stone formation.

    Histamine 2 (H2) Receptor Antagonists

    • Mechanism of Action: Block histamine's action at H2 receptors, reducing gastric acid secretion.
    • Drug Effects: Effective in treating peptic ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
    • Common H2 Antagonists: Cimetidine (Tagamet), nizatidine (Axid), famotidine (Pepcid), and ranitidine (Zantac).

    H2 Antagonists: Drug Interactions

    • P-450 System: Cimetidine can inhibit the P-450 system, increasing levels of other drugs.
    • Drug Absorption: H2 antagonists can interfere with absorption of drugs requiring an acidic environment.
    • Smoking: Smoking can decrease the effectiveness of H2 blockers.
    • Antacids: For optimal results, H2 receptor antagonists should be taken 1 to 2 hours before antacids.

    Proton Pump Inhibitors

    • Mechanism of Action: Irreversibly bind to the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme, preventing hydrogen ions from moving into the stomach, leading to achlorhydria.
    • Indications: Commonly prescribed for long-term management of GERD and treatment of erosive esophagitis.

    Miscellaneous Drugs

    • Misoprostol: Used to prevent gastric ulcers induced by NSAIDs.
    • Simethicone (Mylicon): An antiflatulent drug that relieves discomfort caused by gastric or intestinal gas.

    Nursing Implications: Antacids

    • Administration: Chewable tablets should be chewed thoroughly, liquid forms should be shaken well, and administer with at least 8 oz of water.
    • Monitoring: Assess for adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Monitor for therapeutic responses, including symptom relief and improvement in condition.

    Nursing Implications: H2 Antagonists

    • Patient Assessment: Assess for allergies, evaluate renal and liver function.
    • Drug Interactions: Administer 1 to 2 hours before antacids for optimal effectiveness.
    • Special Populations: Use with caution in confused or disoriented patients and elderly patients.
    • Intravenous Administration: Follow specific guidelines for intravenous doses.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Chapter 50: Acid-Controlling Drugs (PDF)

    Description

    These questions are from the powerpoint directly

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser