Glands and Cells of the Stomach Flashcards

Questions and Answers

In a gastric gland, what type of cell secretes an alkaline mucin?

Surface Mucus Cells

In a gastric gland, what type of cell secretes an acidic mucin?

Mucus Neck Cells

What do surface mucus cells secrete and what function does this secretion serve?

Surface mucus cells secrete alkaline mucus that protects the gland from acidic conditions.

What cells of the stomach secrete HCl and where are these cells located?

Parietal cells secrete HCl and are located in the gastric glands. Signup and view all the answers

Parietal cells are only located within the fundus of the gastric glands.

False Signup and view all the answers

What do parietal cells secrete and what are the functions of these secretions?

Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor. Signup and view all the answers

What cell secretes intrinsic factor and what is the functional purpose of this secretion?

Parietal cells secrete intrinsic factor, which binds vitamin B12 for absorption in the intestine. Signup and view all the answers

Where are chief cells found in the mucosa layer and what is another common name for these cells?

Chief cells, also known as Peptic Cells, are found in the glandular region of gastric glands. Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell secretes pepsinogen, how is this zymogen activated, and what is the function of its active form?

Chief cells secrete pepsinogen, which is activated into pepsin by acidic conditions in the stomach. Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells secrete gastric lipase and what is the function of this enzyme?

Chief cells secrete gastric lipase, which breaks down fats into smaller fatty acids. Signup and view all the answers

What cell secretes rennin, also called chymosin, and what is the function of this enzyme?

Chief cells secrete rennin (chymosin), which functions to curdle milk proteins. Signup and view all the answers

Rennin is secreted in its active form via chief cells and functions to break down proteins found in milk.

False Signup and view all the answers

What substances are secreted by chief cells that aid in the digestion of foodstuffs in the stomach?

Chief cells secrete pepsinogen, prochymosin, and gastric lipase. Signup and view all the answers

Where in the gastric glands are chief cells found?

Within the fundus. Signup and view all the answers

What are G-cells, where are they found, and what do they secrete?

G-cells (Enteroendocrine cells) are found in the fundus of the gastric glands and pyloric glands, secreting gastrin into the blood. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of gastrin?

Gastrin stimulates increased secretions from parietal cells and increases GI motility. Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about enteroendocrine cells and their secretions when compared to the rest of the cells in a gastric gland?

Enteroendocrine cells secrete gastrin into the vasculature, unlike other secretory cells that release substances into the glandular lumen. Signup and view all the answers

Given that chief cells primarily secrete enzymes, how would you expect them to appear in an H&E stain?

Chief cells will appear purple in H&E stain due to their basophilic nature. Signup and view all the answers

Parietal cells primarily secrete acid and a molecule called intrinsic factor. How would you expect this cell to appear in H&E?

Parietal cells will appear deeply pink with a centered basophilic nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

Compared to gastric glands, how do the ducts of cardiac glands appear under H&E stain and what is the cause of this difference?

Cardiac glands have a twisted duct appearance and are more eosinophilic due to primarily secreting mucus. Signup and view all the answers

Compared to gastric glands, how do the ducts of pyloric glands appear under H&E stain and what is the cause of this difference?

Pyloric ducts appear more chaotic and eosinophilic due to primarily secreting mucus. Signup and view all the answers

What type of connective tissue is found in the submucosal layer?

Dense connective tissue. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Stomach Glands and Cells Overview

Surface Mucus Cells secrete alkaline mucin, protecting the gastric glands from acidic conditions.
Mucus Neck Cells produce acidic mucin, contributing to mucus secretion in the stomach.

Parietal Cells

Located in gastric glands, parietal cells secrete:
- Hydrochloric Acid (HCl): Kills bacteria, activates enzymes, and initiates food breakdown.
- Intrinsic Factor: Binds vitamin B12 for absorption in the intestine.
Parietal cells are distributed throughout the glandular regions, not limited to the fundus.

Chief Cells

Chief Cells, also known as Peptic Cells, are found in the glandular region of gastric glands within the lamina propria of the mucosa layer.
They secrete:
- Pepsinogen: Activated to Pepsin by stomach acidity, aiding in the breakdown of proteins into smaller peptides.
- Gastric Lipase: Breaks down fats into smaller fatty acids for digestion.
- Prochymosin (Rennin): Secreted in inactive form, activated by gastric acids to digest milk proteins.

G-cells

Known as Enteroendocrine cells, located in the fundus and pyloric glands.
Secrete Gastrin, a hormone that stimulates parietal cell activity and enhances gastrointestinal motility.

Unique Features of Enteroendocrine Cells

Unlike other gastric gland cells, Enteroendocrine cells release gastrin into the bloodstream rather than the glandular lumen.

Histological Appearance

Chief Cells: Stain heavily basophilic (purple) in H&E due to high protein content.
Parietal Cells: Appear deeply pink with a centrally located basophilic nucleus; contain many mitochondria and show eosinophilic traits from intrinsic factor.
Cardiac Glands: Exhibit twisted ducts and are more eosinophilic due to their primary mucus secretion.
Pyloric Glands: Present coiled ducts and are chaotic in appearance but less so than cardiac glands, also primarily eosinophilic from mucus secretion.

Connective Tissue in Stomach Structure

The Submucosal layer contains dense connective tissue, providing structural support within the stomach.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the various types of cells in gastric glands and their secretions. It covers details about surface mucus cells and mucus neck cells, including the functions of their secretions. Ideal for students of anatomy and physiology.