Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a primary characteristic of plyometric training?
What is a primary characteristic of plyometric training?
Which of the following best describes the stretch-shortening cycle?
Which of the following best describes the stretch-shortening cycle?
Which patients are most appropriately suited for plyometric training?
Which patients are most appropriately suited for plyometric training?
What effect does plyometric training have on muscle capability?
What effect does plyometric training have on muscle capability?
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How does plyometric training impact injury rates in the lower extremities?
How does plyometric training impact injury rates in the lower extremities?
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Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for plyometric training?
Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for plyometric training?
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What percentage of strength must the involved muscle group achieve compared to the contralateral extremity before progressing to plyometric exercises?
What percentage of strength must the involved muscle group achieve compared to the contralateral extremity before progressing to plyometric exercises?
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When progressing plyometric training, what must be reduced to enhance performance in jumping activities?
When progressing plyometric training, what must be reduced to enhance performance in jumping activities?
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What is the recommended optimal frequency for plyometric training sessions?
What is the recommended optimal frequency for plyometric training sessions?
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Which of the following describes the specificity principle in plyometric training?
Which of the following describes the specificity principle in plyometric training?
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What is the primary goal of functional training?
What is the primary goal of functional training?
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Which factor is NOT essential for a therapist when developing an exercise program?
Which factor is NOT essential for a therapist when developing an exercise program?
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What does joint stability contribute to in the body?
What does joint stability contribute to in the body?
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Which parameter influences the progression of stability and balance exercises?
Which parameter influences the progression of stability and balance exercises?
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In the context of perturbation, what would be considered a high magnitude concern?
In the context of perturbation, what would be considered a high magnitude concern?
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What is an example of a simple functional task in training?
What is an example of a simple functional task in training?
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What is the primary distinction between muscle strength and power in functional training?
What is the primary distinction between muscle strength and power in functional training?
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Which of the following describes postural stability?
Which of the following describes postural stability?
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Study Notes
Functional Training
- Involves developing and progressing exercise programs to help patients regain their pre-injury level of function.
- For therapists, it requires a continuous process of decision-making. This involves a thorough knowledge of human anatomy, physiology, biomechanics, and function.
- Understanding of tissue healing and neuromuscular response to various forms of exercises is critical.
- Therapists must examine and evaluate structural and functional impairments.
- Knowledge of diagnoses, surgical, and therapeutic exercise interventions is essential.
Exercises for Stability and Balance
- Stability is the ability to maintain or adequately return a body or system to a state of equilibrium when external forces cause a perturbation.
- Proximal stability precedes distal stability.
- Joint stability is necessary for effective function. An example is the need for stable scapular position and glenohumeral joint for upper extremity movement.
- Postural stability and balance is the ability to maintain the body's position in equilibrium within the environment.
Parameters for Progression
- Upright Posture: Progression through sitting, kneeling, then standing.
- Base of Support: Progression from having feet on the floor, to feet off the floor (standing), progressing through different stances like dorsal and single leg stance, and base of support size (wide to narrow).
- Support Surface: Progression from stationary wide surface to a moving narrow surface.
- Superimposed Movement: Progression from head movement, small ROM (range of motion) and unreisted movement to larger ROM and resisted movement of the trunk and extremities.
- Perturbation: Progression from anticipated low magnitude and slow speed perturbations to unanticipated higher magnitude and higher speed perturbations.
- Environment: Progression from a closed environment to an open environment.
- Functional Task: Progression from simple single task to complex multiple tasks.
Advance Stabilization and Balance Exercises
- Sitting exercises, kneeling exercises, and standing exercises (using various equipment like stability balls, resistance bands, etc.).
Exercises for Strength and Power
- Two critical elements for successful performance of many high-demand functional tasks are muscle strength and muscle endurance.
- Functional rehabilitation programs can involve slow, controlled, or repetitive movements OR bursts of movement or quick changes of direction.
Advance Exercises: Upper and Lower Extremities
- Illustrative exercises designed for upper and lower extremities are presented (using images).
Plyometric Training
- A program of high-intensity and high velocity, developing power output, quick neuromuscular reactions, and coordination.
- Integrated into the advanced phase of rehabilitation, only suitable for carefully selected patients returning to high-demand activities and sports.
Neurological & Biomechanical Influences
- Plyometric training utilizes series-elastic properties of connective tissue, and the stretch reflex of the neuromuscular unit.
- The storage and release of elastic energy augments concentric muscle contraction force.
- Stretch-shortening cycle stimulates proprioceptors, tendons, ligaments, and joints.
- Increase excitability of neuromuscular receptors and improve reactivity of the neuromuscular system.
Effects of Plyometric Training
- Plyometric training improves the muscles' ability to resist stretch, enhancing dynamic restraint capabilities.
- It enhances physical performance and decreases lower extremity (LE) injury.
Contraindications of Plyometric Training
- Presence of inflammation.
- Pain.
- Significant joint instability. Presence of these conditions may contraindicate plyometric exercises.
Precautions of Plyometric Training
- If high-stress and shock-absorbing activities are not permissible avoid incorporating plyometrics into a patient's rehabilitation program.
- If a decision is made to introduce plyometrics, choose beginning level exercises with light resistance. Avoid high-impact exercises.
- Ensure adequate flexibility and strength before initiating plyometric exercises. Always wear supportive shoes.
- Always warm-up and emphasize proper technique for safe landings.
- Progress exercise modifications gradually and allow adequate rest periods for recovery.
Application and Progression of Plyometrics
- Preparation for plyometrics: Adequate muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility in relevant muscles is necessary.
- 80-85% strength level (compared to the contralateral/unaffected extremity).
- 90-95% non-painful ROM in involved joints
- Sufficient strength and stability in proximal regions (trunk and limbs).
- The training should be specific to the desired functional activity. (e.g. training movement patterns).
- Speed should be performed safely with emphasis on reducing amortization phase. Examples are reducing the time spent on the ground during jumping exercises.
- Intensity should be increased gradually to prevent slowing down the exercise. Resistance and height of platforms for jumping or hopping activities should also be increased in progression.
- Repetitions, frequency, and duration may be increased, but proper exercise technique should be maintained. Maintain 48-72 hours of rest between sessions for optimal frequency.. 8-10 weeks of training is typically required for maximal benefits.
Plyometric Exercises: Upper & Lower Extremities
- Images of specific exercises, though descriptions are not provided.
Conclusion on Effects of Plyometric Training
- Plyometric training has been shown to increase the thickness, pennation angle, and fascicle length of the studied muscles.
- Plyometrics is an effective tool for increasing tendon stiffness and improving jump and strength performance in the lower body.
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Description
This quiz explores the principles of functional training and its importance in rehabilitation for regaining pre-injury function. It covers key concepts such as stability, balance, and the role of therapists in patient evaluation and exercise interventions. Understanding anatomy, biomechanics, and tissue healing is crucial for effective therapy.
