Functional Training PDF

FUNCTIONAL TRAINING Prepared by: Justine C. Almodal, PTRP FUNCTIONAL TRAINING Involves developing and progressing exercise programs that enable patients to regain their pre-injury level of function FUNCTIONAL TRAINING For the therapist, it requires a continuous process of decision-mak...

FUNCTIONAL TRAINING Prepared by: Justine C. Almodal, PTRP FUNCTIONAL TRAINING Involves developing and progressing exercise programs that enable patients to regain their pre-injury level of function FUNCTIONAL TRAINING For the therapist, it requires a continuous process of decision-making that involves: ○ A thorough knowledge of human anatomy, physiology, biomechanics and function ○ Understanding of tissue healing as per time and tissue response to imposed stresses ○ Understanding of neuromuscular response to various forms of exercises ○ Examine and evaluate the structural and functional impairment ○ Knowledge of diagnoses, surgical and therapeutic exercises interventions.  01 EXERCISES FOR STABILITY AND BALANCE STABILITY The ability to maintain or adequately return a body or system to a state of equilibrium when external forces impart a perturbation to that body or system. Proximal > Distal JOINT STABILITY Stability of each joint in the body is necessary for effective function Ex: Stability of scapular position and GH joint for UE movement POSTURAL STABILITY & BALANCE The ability to maintain the position of the body in equilibrium within the environment PARAMETERS FOR PROGRESSION Upright Posture SITTING KNEELING STANDING PARAMETERS FOR PROGRESSION Base of Support SITTING STANDING STANDING Feet on the DL Stance→ Wide → floor → Feet SL Stance Narrow BOS off the floor PARAMETERS FOR PROGRESSION Support Surface STATIONARY MOVING WIDE NARROW SURFACE PARAMETERS FOR PROGRESSION Superimposed Movement HEAD TRUNK EXTREMITY LARGE SMALL ROM ROM UNRESISTED RESISTED PARAMETERS FOR PROGRESSION Perturbation ANTICIPATED UNANTICIPATED LOW MAG. HIGH MAG. SLOW SPEED HIGH SPEED PARAMETERS FOR PROGRESSION Environment CLOSE OPEN PARAMETERS FOR PROGRESSION Functional Task SIMPLE COMPLEX SINGLE MULTIPLE ADVANCE STABILIZATION AND BALANCE EXERCISE Sitting ADVANCE STABILIZATION AND BALANCE EXERCISE Kneeling ADVANCE STABILIZATION AND BALANCE EXERCISE Standing  02 EXERCISES FOR STRENGTH AND POWER DEFINITION Two critical elements for successful performance of many high-demand functional tasks and activities Muscle strength vs. Muscle Endurance When designing functional rehabilitation programs some involves: ○ Slow, controlled or repetitive movement ○ Burst of movement or quick changes of direction ADVANCE EXERCISE: UPPER EXTREMITIES ADVANCE EXERCISE: LOWER EXTREMITIES  02 PLYOMETRIC TRAINING DEFINITION A program of high-intensity and high velocity Develops power output, quick neuromuscular reactions and coordination Integrated into the advanced phase of rehabilitation Appropriately only for carefully selected patients who wish to return to high-demand functional activities and sports NEUROLOGICAL AND BIOMECHANICAL INFLUENCES Utilize the series-elastic properties of connective tissue and the stretch reflex of the neuromuscular unit The storage and release of elastic energy augments the force production of the concentric muscle contraction stretch -shortening cycle is thought to stimulate proprioceptors, tendons, ligaments and joint. Increase excitability of the neuromuscular receptors and improve reactivity of neuromuscular system EFFECTS OF PLYOMETRIC TRAINING Plyometric training is associated with an increase in a muscle’s ability to resist stretch → Enhance the muscle’s dynamic restraint capabilities Enhanced Physical performance and decrease incidence of LE injury. CONTRAINDICATIONS Presence of inflammation Pain Significant joint instability PRECAUTIONS APPLICATION AND PROGRESSION Preparation for plyometrics ○ Should have adequate base of muscle strength and endurance as well as flexibility in the muscles to be exercised ○ 80% to 85% level of strength of the involved muscle group (compared to C/L extremity) ○ 90% to 95% pain-free ROM of the moving joints ○ Sufficient strength and stability of proximal regions of the body (trunk and limb) APPLICATION AND PROGRESSION Specificity of training ○ Should be designed with specific functional activities in mind and should include movement patterns that replicate the desired activity APPLICATION AND PROGRESSION Progression and Parameters ○ Speed Performed rapidly but safely Emphasis should be placed on decreasing the amortization phase Example: In jumping activity, progression of plyometric should center on reducing the time on the ground between each jump APPLICATION AND PROGRESSION Progression and Parameters ○ Intensity Increased gradually so as not to slow down the activity For Ex: Increasing external resistance include using weight belt/vest; heavier weighted balls or heavier grade elastic resistance; DL to SL activities; Increasing the height of platforms for jumping and hopping activities APPLICATION AND PROGRESSION Progression and Parameters ○ Repetitions, Frequency and Duration Repetitions may be increased as long as proper exercise technique is maintained by the patient Optimal frequency: 2 sessions per weeks which allows 48 to 72 hours recovery period between sessions Max. training benefits typically occur within 8 to 10 week duration. PLYOMETRIC EXERCISE: UPPER EXTREMITIES PLYOMETRIC EXERCISE: LOWER EXTREMITIES  The End Thanks for listening!