15 Questions
What are some predisposing factors that may lower the seizure threshold and provoke seizures in people who are predisposed?
Sleep deprivation and hormonal changes during menses
What recent update did the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) make to the classification system for seizures?
They separated seizures into groups based on movement
How does ILAE categorize seizures in the new system?
Based on where seizures begin in the brain, level of awareness during a seizure, and other features of a seizure
What are neurologists and other physicians looking for when defining a patient's treatment and prognosis for epilepsy?
Precipitating factors, age of onset, severity, chronicity, and anatomic location of seizure focus
In which major groups does ILAE categorize seizures in the new system?
Localized onset, widespread onset, and unknown onset
What type of seizures begin in a localized area of the brain according to the text?
Focal onset seizures
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a precipitating factor for seizures in the text?
Loud noises
What is the first clinical and EEG change in focal onset aware seizures?
Activation of nerve cells in a limited part of one cerebral hemisphere
What are the possible symptoms of focal onset aware seizures?
Motor, sensory, autonomic, psychic, and other non-motor symptoms
What type of seizure is associated with impaired consciousness and automatic behavior (automatisms)?
Focal onset impaired awareness seizure
What type of EEG activity is typically seen during focal onset aware seizures?
Low-voltage, fast activity; rhythmic spikes; and slow-wave activity
What might focal onset impaired awareness seizures evolve from?
Focal onset aware seizures
What could an EEG show during focal onset impaired awareness seizures?
Bilateral low-voltage, fast activity with rhythmic spikes and slow waves
What might focal onset impaired awareness seizures be preceded by?
Aura
What characterizes the symptoms of focal onset aware seizures?
Determination by the anatomic location of the seizure focus
Test your knowledge about the predisposing factors that may cause epilepsy, including sleep deprivation, hyperventilation, fever, hormonal changes, and drug or alcohol ingestion. Understand how these factors can lower the seizure threshold and provoke seizures in people who are predisposed.
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