32 Questions
What type of seizures involve both hemispheres of the brain from the onset and result in early loss of consciousness?
Generalized motor seizures
Which type of seizure is associated with impaired consciousness and automatic behavior?
Focal onset impaired awareness seizures
What does an EEG recorded during focal onset impaired awareness seizures typically show?
Low-voltage, fast activity; rhythmic spikes; and slow-wave activity
What can focal onset aware seizures evolve into?
Focal onset impaired awareness seizures
What determines the patient’s symptoms in focal onset aware seizures?
The anatomic location of the seizure focus
What are examples of non-motor symptoms in focal onset aware seizures?
Sensory disturbances
What are some of the factors that may lower the seizure threshold and provoke seizures in predisposed individuals?
Low blood sugar and drug withdrawal
Which organization recently updated to a new basic classification system for seizures?
International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE)
How many major groups does the ILAE categorize seizures into under the new system?
Three major groups
What do neurologists and other physicians look for to help define the patient’s treatment and prognosis?
Precipitating factors and anatomic location of seizure focus
Where do focal onset seizures begin?
In a localized area of the brain
What is an example of a disorder associated with seizures?
Viral meningitis
What are some examples of predisposing factors that may cause epilepsy more often?
Sleep deprivation and hormonal changes during menses
What are some examples of acute disorders associated with seizures?
Alcohol or drug withdrawal and viral meningitis
What may neurologists look for in a patient to help define the patient’s treatment and prognosis?
Diurnal or circadian cycling and physical manifestations
What type of seizure is characterized by no alteration of consciousness and symptoms determined by the anatomic location of the seizure focus?
Focal onset impaired awareness seizures
Which type of seizure may evolve from focal onset aware seizures and can generate into a focal-to-bilateral seizure?
Focal onset aware seizures
What do focal onset impaired awareness seizures often show on an EEG?
Bilateral, low-voltage, fast activity with rhythmic spikes and slow waves
What distinguishes focal onset impaired awareness seizures from focal onset aware seizures?
Impaired consciousness and automatic behavior
Which type of seizure involves both hemispheres of the brain from the onset and results in early loss of consciousness?
Secondary generalized tonic–clonic seizures
What kind of activity is typically shown on an EEG during focal onset aware seizures?
Low-voltage, fast activity; rhythmic spikes; and slow-wave activity
What may be the first clinical and EEG change indicating initial activation of nerve cells in a limited part of one cerebral hemisphere during focal onset aware seizures?
Motor symptoms
What are the symptoms determined by in focal onset aware seizures?
The anatomic location of the seizure focus
What distinguishes generalized non-motor seizures from generalized motor seizures?
Loss of consciousness similar to absence seizures
What is the new basic classification system for seizures recently updated by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE)?
Classification based on where seizures begin in the brain and level of awareness
What are some examples of acute metabolic disorders associated with seizures?
Viral meningitis and hypoglycemia from insulin overdose
In the new ILAE classification system, which major group do focal onset seizures belong to?
Focal onset
What do sleep deprivation, hyperventilation, fever from underlying illness, hormonal changes, and drug/alcohol ingestion collectively do to individuals who are predisposed to seizures?
Lower the seizure threshold and provoke seizures
What are some factors that neurologists and other physicians may consider to help define a patient’s treatment and prognosis?
Precipitating factors, age of onset, and severity
What characterizes focal onset seizures?
They begin in a localized area of the brain
Which disorder is associated with seizures such as alcohol or drug withdrawal, viral meningitis, or hypoglycemia from an overdose of insulin?
Viral meningitis
(ILAE) now categorizes seizures into how many major groups?
Three major groups
Test your knowledge of the predisposing factors that may cause epilepsy, including sleep deprivation, hyperventilation, fever, hormonal changes, and drug or alcohol ingestion. Explore the acute metabolic, infectious, and medication-related disorders associated with seizures.
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