Epidemiology and Public Health Chapter 11 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the correct definition of the term 'incidence' in epidemiology?

  • The number of existing cases of a disease in a given population at a specific time period
  • The number of cases of a disease existing in a given population during a specific time period
  • The ratio of the number of people who died of a disease during a specified time period per a specified population
  • The number of new cases of a disease that occurred during a specified time period per a specifically defined population (correct)

    • Which of the following terms best describes the statement: 'On December 18, 2023, there were 452 cases of Influenza'?

  • Mortality rate
  • Morbidity rate
  • Period prevalence
  • Point prevalence (correct)

    • If the population of Canada in 2018 was 37.06 million, what was the morbidity rate of the disease associated with the statement: 'It is estimated that there were 8.8 deaths/1,000 population in Canada in 2018'?

  • 0.24
  • 24
  • 0.00024 (correct)
  • 2400

    • Which of the following terms best describes the statement: 'In the year 2023, 4520 cases of COVID-19 was reported'?

    <p>Incidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the population of the United States in 2016 was 323.1 million, what was the morbidity rate of Chlamydia associated with the statement: 'There were 1,598,354 new cases of Chlamydia in the United States in 2016'?

    <p>0.00495</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms best describes the statement: 'Cases of chlamydia were estimated to be 497 per 100,000 population'?

    <p>Morbidity rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is classified as a pandemic?

    <p>Spanish Flu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which country is malaria considered endemic?

    <p>Papua New Guinea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of disease outbreak is characterized by a localized spread that is eventually contained?

    <p>Epidemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the measures that must be included in controlling and preventing epidemics?

    <p>Segregate those who are contagious, eliminate or contain the reservoirs, and using PPE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the Ebola outbreak in Uganda?

    <p>It was initially localized to a small district</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the information provided, which statement is correct?

    <p>Canada has reported cases of malaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a specific strategy for preventing or controlling infectious diseases?

    <p>Use of antibiotics for all infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of public health?

    <p>Protecting and improving community health and well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a broad strategy for controlling and preventing epidemics?

    <p>Eliminate or contain the reservoirs and block exposure to entry pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the specific strategies mentioned to prevent infectious diseases?

    <p>Needle safety devices during blood collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key role of public health agencies?

    <p>Promoting and protecting the health of the entire population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of epidemiology?

    <p>Investigating the factors that influence disease distribution and transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a communicable disease and a contagious disease?

    <p>Contagious diseases are a subset of communicable diseases that are easily transmissible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the infective dose (ID50) used to measure in epidemiology?

    <p>The minimum number of pathogens required to cause an infection in 50% of a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the relationship between pathology and epidemiology is correct?

    <p>Pathology focuses on the structural and functional aspects of diseases, while epidemiology investigates disease distribution and transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors would an epidemiologist investigate as influencing disease transmission?

    <p>Pathogen reservoirs and modes of transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of public health agencies in the context of epidemiology?

    <p>To develop and implement strategies for disease prevention, control, and eradication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the Deputy Minister responsible for the Public Health Agency of Canada?

    <p>The Chief Public Health Officer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many Public Health Units does Ontario have?

    <p>34</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the National Microbiology Laboratory located?

    <p>Winnipeg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does PHAC stand for?

    <p>Public Health Agency of Canada</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who advises the government regarding ongoing health concerns?

    <p>The Chief Public Health Officer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was the Public Health Agency of Canada formed?

    <p>2004</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Infections and Epidemiology

    • The Spanish flu killed over 20 million people worldwide in 1918.
    • Papua New Guinea consistently reports cases of Malaria, but no cases have been reported in Canada.
    • An Ebola outbreak occurred in a small district in Uganda in September 2022 and spread to 9 neighboring districts.

    Types of Infections

    • Pandemic: The Spanish flu killed over 20 million people worldwide in 1918.
    • Endemic: Papua New Guinea consistently reports cases of Malaria.
    • Epidemic: An Ebola outbreak occurred in a small district in Uganda in September 2022.

    Public Health Agency of Canada

    • The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) is responsible for public health, emergency preparedness and response, and infectious and chronic disease control and prevention.
    • Formed in 2004, it is part of the Health Portfolio.
    • The Deputy Minister responsible for the agency is the Chief Public Health Officer, who reports to the Minister of Health.
    • Each province is managed uniquely, with Ontario having 34 Public Health Units.

    Epidemiology Terminology

    • Incidence: The number of new cases of a disease.
    • Prevalence: The number of existing cases of a disease.
    • Point prevalence: The number of cases of a disease existing in a given population during a specific time period.
    • Period prevalence: The number of cases of a disease existing in a given population at a particular moment in time.
    • Morbidity rate: The number of new cases of a disease that occurred during a specified time period per a specifically defined population.
    • Mortality rate: The ratio of the number of people who died of a disease during a specified time period per a specified population.

    Epidemiology Terminology Examples

    • Deaths: 8.8 deaths/1,000 population in Canada in 2018 (Mortality rate)
    • New cases: 1,598,354 new cases of Chlamydia in the United States in 2016 (Incidence)
    • Existing cases: 452 cases of Influenza on December 18, 2023 (Point prevalence)
    • Total cases: 4,520 cases of COVID-19 reported in 2023 (Period prevalence)
    • Disease rate: 497 cases of Chlamydia per 100,000 population (Morbidity rate)

    Controlling and Preventing Epidemics

    • Increase host resistance
    • Protect those who are infected
    • Segregate those who are contagious
    • Identify and control reservoirs
    • Lot of surveillance (e.g. hospitals, nursing homes)
    • Sanitation

    Specific Strategies

    • Hand hygiene
    • Maintaining good nutrition and adequate rest and reducing stress
    • Immunizations
    • Insect and rodent control measures
    • Patient isolation procedures
    • Decontamination of surfaces and medical instruments
    • Disposing infectious wastes properly
    • Using PPE
    • Using needle safety devices during blood collection

    Relevance of Public Health

    • Public health is the science of protecting and improving the health of people and their communities.
    • Focuses on improving and protecting community health and well-being.
    • Public Health Agencies work to promote and protect the health of the entire population.

    Pathology and Epidemiology

    • Pathology studies the structural and functional manifestations of disease.
    • Epidemiology studies the who, what, when, where, and why of diseases to prevent, control, or eradicate diseases.

    Communicable and Contagious Diseases

    • Communicable disease: An infectious disease that can be transmitted from one person to another (e.g. Gonorrhoeae).
    • Contagious disease: A communicable disease that is easily transmitted from person to person (e.g. Influenza).
    • True: All contagious diseases are communicable diseases.
    • False: All communicable diseases are contagious diseases.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on epidemiology, pathogens, hosts, chain of infection, reservoirs of infection, modes of transmission, and the role of public health agencies in Canada. Explore the key concepts from Chapter 11 of the textbook related to epidemiology and public health.

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