Epidemiology and Public Health Introduction: Definitions Quiz

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What is the main focus of epidemiology?

Nature and cause of diseases in human populations (correct)

Control and mitigation of diseases in animal populations

Distribution of diseases in plant populations

Prevention of diseases in aquatic populations

Which of the following best describes the role of an epidemiologist?

Conducting activities for successful epidemiology practice (correct)

Performing surgical procedures

Managing pharmaceutical companies

Developing new medical devices

What does epidemiology contribute to the planning and evaluation of health services?

Sound recordings for health service advertisements

Promotional activities for health products

Analysis of traffic patterns in the community

Accurate information about socio-demographic profile, diseases, and health care facilities (correct)

What is the purpose of making a 'Community Diagnosis' using epidemiological methods?

To obtain information on important health problems and their socio-demographic characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of epidemiology in health care management?

Making a 'Community Diagnosis' to obtain information on important health problems Signup and view all the answers

How does an epidemiologist contribute to disease prevention and control?

By applying knowledge from the study of diseases and their distribution Signup and view all the answers

What does epidemiology contribute to the study of the natural history of diseases?

Systematic observations on hundreds and thousands of patients Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the uses of epidemiology in health care management?

Developing health policies Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the uses of epidemiology in understanding the disease process?

Searching for the causes and risk factors of diseases Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is included in using epidemiological tools in public health practice?

Investigations of epidemics and other field investigations Signup and view all the answers

What is a term used for a disease or pathogen present or usually prevalent in a given population or geographic region at all times?

Endemic Signup and view all the answers

What term is used for a disease occurring over a wide geographic area?

Pandemic Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to a disease that occurs more frequently together than can be accounted for by simply a 'chance' association?

Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

'Equally endemic in all age groups of a population' is described by which term?

Hyperendemic Signup and view all the answers

'Endemic in most of the children in a population, with the adults in the same population being less often affected' is represented by which term?

Holoendemic Signup and view all the answers

What does epidemiology assist in when used in clinical and individualized preventive practice?

Assessing effectiveness of treatment modalities Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of cohort studies?

To establish the temporal relationship between exposure and disease Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cohort study is quick, cheap, and useful for uncommon exposure and diseases with a long latency period?

Retrospective cohort study Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of retrospective cohort studies?

Dependent on available exposure and disease data Signup and view all the answers

What does the relative risk (RR) measure in a cohort study?

The association between exposure and disease Signup and view all the answers

Which strength makes cohort studies useful for rare exposures?

Useful for rare exposures Signup and view all the answers

What does a prospective cohort study depend on for data collection?

Complete information on confounders Signup and view all the answers

In a prospective cohort study, the exposure may or may not occur, but the disease is definitely not occurred, and the cohort should be followed in time to assess the incidence rate of the disease in the two groups. This type of study is considered:

Very reliable Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consideration for selecting the comparison group (unexposed group) in a cohort study?

Similarity to the study group in all factors related to the disease except the factor under study Signup and view all the answers

What are the sources of exposure data in a cohort study?

Direct measurement of the environment Signup and view all the answers

What type of cohort study is useful for exposures that have short-term and long-term effects and collects data retrospectively and prospectively on the same cohort?

Ambidirectional cohort study Signup and view all the answers

What is considered as a source of outcome data in a cohort study if the goal is total mortality?

Death certificate Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential bias in cohort studies related to the quality and extent of information?

Information bias Signup and view all the answers

What type of population is chosen specifically to obtain complete information and follow-up, rather than for exposure status?

Common exposure Signup and view all the answers

What is considered as a reliable source of outcome data if the goal is total mortality in a cohort study?