Emotion, Stress, and Health Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the main role of the amygdala in emotion processing?

Generating a complete picture of sensory information

Specialized for approach emotions like happiness and anger

Assessing threat and determining emotional importance (correct)

Impulse to withdraw or escape, such as in disgust and fear

Which brain region can override the amygdala's initial appraisal?

Cerebral Cortex (correct)

Right prefrontal cortex

Mirror neurons

Left prefrontal cortex

Mirror neurons are involved in which of the following?

Imitation and mood contagion (correct)

Empathy and language comprehension

Generating a complete picture of sensory information

Reading emotions and observation of actions

Which part of the brain is specialized for the motivation to approach others?

Left prefrontal cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the right prefrontal cortex in emotion processing?

Impulse to withdraw or escape, such as in disgust and fear Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cerebral cortex in relation to emotion processing?

Overriding the amygdala's initial appraisal Signup and view all the answers

What two hormones are released when a person is under stress or experiencing intense emotions?

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Signup and view all the answers

What determines which emotion a person will feel in a given circumstance?

Appraisals Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of development do children need to be before they can feel moral emotions like shame, guilt, or remorse?

Old enough to have a sense of self Signup and view all the answers

What are display rules in the context of communicating emotions?

Social and cultural rules that regulate emotional expression Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the nonverbal signals of body movement, posture, and gaze when it comes to communication of emotions?

Body language Signup and view all the answers

How do gender rules impact emotional expression according to the text?

Women and men are equally likely to feel all emotions Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of women's emotional expression compared to men?

They smile more Signup and view all the answers

How is clinical depression related to heart health according to the text?

It increases the risk of heart attacks and cardiovascular disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of cancer on causing depression according to the text?

Cancer can cause depression due to high chemical levels from tumors Signup and view all the answers

How do positive emotions generally affect individuals according to the text?

Boost creativity and motivation Signup and view all the answers

What is mentioned as a way to let go of negative emotions in the text?

Practicing forgiveness and confession Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind forgiveness as discussed in the text?

Acknowledging the injustice and letting go of negative emotions Signup and view all the answers

What are the components involved in emotion according to the text?

Facial and bodily changes, brain activation, cognitive appraisals, subjective feelings, and action tendencies Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of facial expressions in emotion according to the text?

Facial expressions send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being expressed. Signup and view all the answers

What are some cultural and social limits to reading facial expressions as per the text?

Within a culture, facial expressions can have different meanings depending on the situation and interpretations based on social context. Signup and view all the answers

How do facial expressions foster communication with others according to the text?

Facial expressions signal intentions to others and enhance infant survival. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding people's ability to show emotions?

People can feel emotions without expressing them outwardly. Signup and view all the answers

In what ways can facial expressions be misleading according to the text?

People use facial expressions to lie about their true emotions. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Emotions and Hormones

Two hormones released under stress or intense emotion: Epinephrine (Adrenaline) and Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)
Results in increased alertness and arousal

Emotions and Appraisals

Emotions created and influenced by appraisals: perceptions, beliefs, attributions, and goals
Determine which emotion to feel in a given circumstance
Central component of emotion and emotional experience

Emotion and Culture

Culture determines what people feel emotional about
Innate emotions (with physiological hallmarks in brain and nervous system) exist across cultures
Cultural differences in experiencing emotional blends and variations

Communicating Emotions

Display rules: social and cultural rules regulating emotional expression
Body language: nonverbal signals of body movement, posture, and gaze
Emotion work: expression of emotion, often due to role requirements, that one does not really feel

Gender and Emotion

Women and men equally likely to feel all emotions
Gender rules shape differences in emotional expression

Emotion and the Brain

Amygdala: responsible for assessing threat, plays key role in emotion (especially anger and fear)
Cerebral Cortex: can override amygdala's initial appraisal, generates complete picture
Left prefrontal cortex: specialized for approach emotions (e.g., happiness, anger)
Right prefrontal cortex: specialized for escape emotions (e.g., disgust, fear)

Neurons for Imitation and Empathy

Mirror neurons: brain cells firing when observing another's action
Involved in empathy, language comprehension, imitation, reading emotions, and mood contagion

Emotional Expression and Stress

Women: smile and cry more, gaze at listeners more, have more emotionally expressive faces, use more expressive hand and body movements, touch others more, talk about emotions more

Stress and Emotion

Clinical depression linked to doubled risk of heart attack and cardiovascular disease
Cancer increases depression, not just due to diagnosis

Positive Emotions

Positive emotions: seem healthful, counteract high arousal, increase creativity and motivation, attract friends and supporters

Emotional Inhibition and Expression

Continued inhibition of thoughts and emotions requires physical effort, stressful to the body
Two ways to let go of negative emotions: confession and forgiveness

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Description

Explore the topics of emotion, stress, and health, covering the nature of emotion, emotion and culture, dealing with stress, verbal and nonverbal communication, and more.