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Questions and Answers
What is morality?
What is morality?
What is a moral dilemma?
What is a moral dilemma?
What is the main concern of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
What is the main concern of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
Why is Heinz unable to get the drug for his wife?
Why is Heinz unable to get the drug for his wife?
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What did the newspapers report after Heinz broke into the laboratory?
What did the newspapers report after Heinz broke into the laboratory?
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What is the relationship between moral development and early childhood educational practices?
What is the relationship between moral development and early childhood educational practices?
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What is the purpose of presenting moral dilemmas in education?
What is the purpose of presenting moral dilemmas in education?
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Why is cheating a persistent problem in classrooms?
Why is cheating a persistent problem in classrooms?
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What is the primary focus of Stage 4 of Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory?
What is the primary focus of Stage 4 of Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory?
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What was Officer Brown's occupation?
What was Officer Brown's occupation?
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According to Kohlberg, what percentage of adults attain the post-conventional level of morality?
According to Kohlberg, what percentage of adults attain the post-conventional level of morality?
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What is the main characteristic of Stage 5 of Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory?
What is the main characteristic of Stage 5 of Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory?
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What was Heinz doing according to Officer Brown's report?
What was Heinz doing according to Officer Brown's report?
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What was the maximum sentence Heinz faced if convicted?
What was the maximum sentence Heinz faced if convicted?
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What influences an individual's judgment of good and bad in Stage 6 of Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory?
What influences an individual's judgment of good and bad in Stage 6 of Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory?
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What is the sequence of development in Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory?
What is the sequence of development in Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory?
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What is Lawrence Kohlberg's theory known as?
What is Lawrence Kohlberg's theory known as?
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What is the primary focus of the conventional level of morality?
What is the primary focus of the conventional level of morality?
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At what age does Stage 1 of Pre-conventional Morality typically occur?
At what age does Stage 1 of Pre-conventional Morality typically occur?
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What is the typical morality level of most children, according to Kohlberg?
What is the typical morality level of most children, according to Kohlberg?
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What is the focus of Stage 2 of Pre-conventional Morality?
What is the focus of Stage 2 of Pre-conventional Morality?
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What is the typical age range for Stage 3 of Conventional Morality?
What is the typical age range for Stage 3 of Conventional Morality?
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What is necessary for children to develop morality, according to Kohlberg's theory?
What is necessary for children to develop morality, according to Kohlberg's theory?
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What is the focus of Stage 3 of Conventional Morality?
What is the focus of Stage 3 of Conventional Morality?
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Study Notes
Moral Development
- Morality refers to our understanding of the difference between right and wrong, or good and bad behavior, and serves as a force that motivates our behavior.
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
- Lawrence Kohlberg's theory describes how our sense of right and wrong changes with age, including how we develop a sense of justice and learn to make moral judgments.
- The theory consists of three levels of morality: Pre-conventional, Conventional, and Post-conventional, each with two to three stages.
Level I: Pre-conventional Morality
- Children at this level do not really understand the conventions or rules of a society.
- Stage 1 (2/3 – 5/6 years old): Punishment – Obedience Orientation, where consequences of acts determine whether they're good or bad.
- Stage 2 (5-7 years old, or up to age 9): Instrumental Relativist Orientation, where the ethics of self-interests ("What's in it for me?") and obeying rules and exchanging favors are judged in terms of the benefit to the individual.
Level II: Conventional Morality
- Stage 3 (7- about 12 years old): Good Boy – Nice Girl Orientation, where ethical decisions are based on concern for or the opinions of others.
- Stage 4 (can start as early as 10 years old): Law and Order Orientation, where right behavior consists in doing one's duty, showing respect for authority, and maintaining the given social order for its own sake.
Level III: Post-Conventional Morality
- Stage 5 (can start as early as 12 years old): Social Contract Orientation, where rules and laws represent agreements among people about behavior that benefits society, and can be changed when they no longer meet society's needs.
- Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principle Orientation, where individuals' judgments of good and bad become influenced by universal moral principles, and laws and societal values have a certain validity, but if these laws conflict with principles of human dignity, they need to follow these principles.
Key Points about Kohlberg's Theory
- According to Kohlberg, people go through these six stages in the above order.
- Most children have a preconventional morality, and most adults have a conventional one.
- Kohlberg estimated that only 20 to 25% of the adult population attains the post-conventional level of morality.
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Description
Assess your understanding of moral development in early childhood, including Kohlberg's theory and its link to educational practices. Test your knowledge of right and wrong behavior and moral motivation.
