24 Questions
What was Officer Brown's occupation?
A police officer
What did Officer Brown see Heinz doing near the laboratory?
Behaving suspiciously
What is the maximum prison sentence Heinz faces if convicted?
Two years in jail
What is the name of the psychologist who created the theory of moral development?
Lawrence Kohlberg
At what level of morality do children not understand the conventions/rules of a society?
Level I Pre-conventional Morality
What is morality?
A force that motivates our behavior
What is the characteristic of Stage 1 of Level I Pre-conventional Morality?
Punishment – Obedience Orientation
What is a moral dilemma?
An ambiguous situation that requires a person to make a moral decision
What is the characteristic of Stage 2 of Level I Pre-conventional Morality?
Instrumental Relativist Orientation
What is the characteristic of Stage 3 of Level II Conventional Morality?
Good Boy – Nice Girl Orientation
What is the Heinz Dilemma about?
A man who wants to steal a drug to save his wife's life
Why could Heinz only get about $2,000?
Because he could only borrow that amount from his friends
What did the scientist say to Heinz?
No, we need to make money to cover the expenses of research and development
What happens the next day after Heinz broke into the laboratory?
The newspapers reported the break-in and theft
What is the main concern in the Heinz Dilemma?
The moral decision to steal the drug
What does cheating in classrooms have to do with moral development?
It shows a lack of moral development
At what age can a person start to develop a Law and Order Orientation, according to Kohlberg's Theory?
As early as 10 years old
What is the primary focus of Stage 5 in Kohlberg's Theory?
Agreements among people about behavior that benefits society
What percentage of the adult population attains the post-conventional level of morality, according to Kohlberg?
20 to 25%
What influences an individual's judgments of good and bad in Stage 6 of Kohlberg's Theory?
Universal moral principles
According to Kohlberg, what is the sequence of moral development?
Pre-conventional, Conventional, Post-conventional
What is the characteristic of right behavior in Stage 4 of Kohlberg's Theory?
Doing one's duty and showing respect for authority
What is the primary difference between Conventional and Post-conventional morality?
Conventional morality focuses on authority, while Post-conventional morality focuses on moral principles
Why might an individual in Stage 6 of Kohlberg's Theory violate a law?
To follow universal moral principles
Study Notes
Moral Development
- Morality is the understanding of the difference between right and wrong or good and bad behavior.
- It is a force that motivates our behavior.
Moral Dilemma
- A moral dilemma is an ambiguous situation that requires a person to make a moral decision.
- It causes conflicts and subjects to justify the morality of their choices.
The Heinz Dilemma
- A scenario where a woman is ill and needs a drug that costs $4,000, and her husband Heinz cannot afford it.
- The scenario presents three moral dilemmas:
- Should Heinz break into the laboratory to steal the drug for his wife?
- Should Brown report what he saw to the police?
- Should the judge sentence Heinz to prison?
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
- Lawrence Kohlberg's theory describes how one's sense of right and wrong changes with age.
- It has three levels: Pre-conventional, Conventional, and Post-conventional morality.
Level I Pre-conventional Morality
- Stage 1 (2-5 years old): Punishment-Obedience Orientation, where consequences of acts determine whether they are good or bad.
- Stage 2 (5-7 years old): Instrumental Relativist Orientation, where the ethics of self-interest and obeying rules for personal benefit are considered.
Level II Conventional Morality
- Stage 3 (7-12 years old): Good Boy - Nice Girl Orientation, where ethical decisions are based on concern for others' opinions.
- Stage 4 (10 years old and up): Law and Order Orientation, where right behavior consists of doing one's duty and showing respect for authority.
Level III Post-Conventional Morality
- Stage 5 (12 years old and up): Social Contract Orientation, where rules and laws represent agreements among people about behavior that benefits society.
- Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principle Orientation, where individuals' judgments of good and bad become influenced by universal moral principles.
Key Points about Kohlberg's Theory
- People go through the six stages in the above order.
- Most children have a preconventional morality, and most adults have a conventional one.
- Only 20-25% of the adult population attains the post-conventional level of morality.
Understand the concept of morality, Kohlberg's theory of moral development, and its relation to early childhood educational practices. Learn how morality shapes our behavior and decision-making.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
