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Questions and Answers
What is morality?
What is the primary concern in addressing the problem of cheating in classrooms?
What is a moral dilemma?
What is the main goal of considering scenarios like the Heinz Dilemma?
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What is the primary concern of Heinz in the Heinz Dilemma?
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How much money did Heinz manage to gather to buy the drug?
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What is the scientist's main concern in the Heinz Dilemma?
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What is the consequence of Heinz's action in the second scenario?
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At what stage of moral development does an individual's judgment of good and bad become influenced by universal moral principles?
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According to Kohlberg, what percentage of the adult population attains the post-conventional level of morality?
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At what stage of moral development do rules and laws represent agreements among people about behavior that benefits society?
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According to Kohlberg, what is the sequence of moral development stages?
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What is the main characteristic of Stage 4: Law and Order Orientation?
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What is the term for Stage 3 of Kohlberg's moral development?
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At what age can an individual start to develop Stage 5: Social Contract Orientation?
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What is the main idea behind Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
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What is the main concern of Officer Brown in the Heinz dilemma?
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According to Kohlberg's theory, what is the primary concern of individuals at the Punishment-Obedience Orientation stage?
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At what stage of moral development do individuals start to consider the opinions of others?
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What is the primary focus of Instrumental Relativist Orientation?
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What is the main difference between Pre-conventional Morality and Conventional Morality?
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What is the primary concern of the judge in the Heinz dilemma?
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What is the primary focus of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
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What is the main characteristic of Stage 1 of Pre-conventional Morality?
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Study Notes
Moral Development and Early Childhood Learning
- Morality refers to understanding the difference between right and wrong or good and bad behavior, and is a force that motivates our behavior.
What is Moral Dilemma?
- A moral dilemma is an ambiguous situation that requires a person to make a moral decision, causing conflicts and justifying the morality of their choices.
The Heinz Dilemma
- The Heinz Dilemma is a scenario where a woman is very ill and needs a $4,000 drug, but her husband, Heinz, can only raise $2,000, and must decide whether to steal the drug or not.
- The dilemma raises questions about morality and justifying the morality of one's choices.
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
- Lawrence Kohlberg's theory describes how one's sense of right and wrong changes with age, and how we develop a sense of justice and learn to make moral judgments.
Levels and Stages of Moral Development
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Level I: Pre-Conventional Morality
- Stage 1 (2-3 to 5-6 years old): Punishment-Obedience Orientation, where consequences of acts determine whether they're good or bad.
- Stage 2 (5-7 years old or up to age 9): Instrumental Relativist Orientation, where ethics are based on self-interest and exchanging favors.
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Level II: Conventional Morality
- Stage 3 (7-12 years old): Good Boy-Nice Girl Orientation, where ethical decisions are based on concern for others' opinions.
- Stage 4 (can start as early as 10 years old): Law and Order Orientation, where right behavior consists in doing one's duty, showing respect for authority, and maintaining the social order.
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Level III: Post-Conventional Morality
- Stage 5 (can start as early as 12 years old): Social Contract Orientation, where rules and laws represent agreements among people about behavior that benefits society.
- Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principle Orientation, where individuals' judgments of good and bad are influenced by universal moral principles, and laws and societal values have a certain validity.
Key Points about Kohlberg's Theory
- According to Kohlberg, people go through these six stages in the above order.
- Most children have a preconventional morality, and most adults have a conventional one.
- Kohlberg estimated that only 20 to 25% of the adult population attains the post-conventional level of morality.
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Description
Assess your understanding of moral development in early childhood, including Kohlberg's theory and its link to educational practices.
