Early Childhood Development: Moral Development and Learning

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Questions and Answers

According to Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, what is the main focus of Stage 4 morality?

Social contract and agreements among people

Personal interest and self-benefit

Doing one's duty and showing respect for authority (correct)

Universal moral principles

What is the approximate percentage of adults who, according to Kohlberg, attain the post-conventional level of morality?

50-60%

80-90%

20-25% (correct)

10-15%

Which stage of morality involves recognizing that rules and laws can be changed when they no longer meet society's needs?

Stage 5: Social Contract Orientation (correct)

Stage 3: Good Boy/Nice Girl Orientation

Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principle Orientation

Stage 4: Law and Order Orientation

What is the main characteristic of Stage 6 morality according to Kohlberg?

Considers universal moral principles over societal laws Signup and view all the answers

According to Kohlberg, what is the most common level of morality found in adults?

Conventional morality Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence in which people progress through Kohlberg's stages?

Preconventional, conventional, post-conventional Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of individuals in Stage 6 morality?

Universal moral principles Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the theory that describes the stages of moral development?

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of Officer Brown in the Heinz dilemma scenario?

Following the law Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

How one's sense of right and wrong changes with age Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of moral development do children begin to understand the consequences of their actions?

Stage 1: Punishment - Obedience Orientation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration for an individual at Stage 2 of moral development?

What's in it for them Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between LEVEL I and LEVEL II moral development?

The understanding of rules and conventions Signup and view all the answers

Why should the judge sentence Heinz to prison, according to Stage 1 of moral development?

To punish Heinz for his actions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of an individual at Stage 3 of moral development?

They are concerned with the opinions of others Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of moral development, according to Kohlberg's theory?

To develop a sense of justice Signup and view all the answers

What is morality?

The ability to differentiate between good and bad behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is a moral dilemma?

An ambiguous situation that requires a person to make a moral decision Signup and view all the answers

What is the Heinz Dilemma about?

A situation where a woman is ill and her husband tries to save her Signup and view all the answers

What did Heinz try to do to save his wife?

Try every legal means to get the drug Signup and view all the answers

Why did the scientist refuse to help Heinz?

Because the scientist needed to make money to cover research expenses Signup and view all the answers

What is the relevance of the Heinz Dilemma to childhood education?

It shows the importance of moral development in children Signup and view all the answers

What does Kohlberg's theory of moral development relate to?

Children's understanding of right and wrong Signup and view all the answers

Why is moral development important in early childhood education?

Because it shapes their behavior and decision-making Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Moral Development

Morality refers to our understanding of the difference between right and wrong or good and bad behavior, and is a force that motivates our behavior.

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

Lawrence Kohlberg's theory describes how one's sense of right and wrong changes with age.
The theory explores how we develop a sense of justice and learn to make moral judgments.

Levels of Moral Development

Level I: Pre-conventional Morality
- Stage 1 (2/3 - 5/6 years old): Punishment - Obedience Orientation, where consequences of acts determine whether they're good or bad.
- Stage 2 (5-7 years old or up to age 9): Instrumental Relativist Orientation, where obeying rules and exchanging favors are judged in terms of the benefit to the individual.
Level II: Conventional Morality
- Stage 3 (7- about 12 years old): Good Boy - Nice Girl Orientation, where ethical decisions are based on concern for or the opinions of others.
- Stage 4 (can start as early as 10 years old): Law and Order Orientation, where right behavior consists in doing one's duty, showing respect for authority and maintaining the given social order for its own sake.
Level III: Post-Conventional Morality
- Stage 5 (can start as early as 12 years old): Social Contract Orientation, where rules and laws represent agreements among people about behavior that benefits society.
- Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principle Orientation, where individuals' judgments of good and bad become influenced by universal moral principles.

Key Points about Kohlberg's Theory

People go through these six stages in the above order.
Most children have a preconventional morality, and most adults have a conventional one.
Only 20-25% of the adult population attains the post-conventional level of morality.

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Description

Explore moral development in early childhood, including Kohlberg's theory and its link to educational practices. Understand the concept of morality and its impact on behavior.