Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of Primary Dysmenorrhea?
What is a characteristic of Primary Dysmenorrhea?
Which of the following treatments is considered the best choice for Primary Dysmenorrhea?
Which of the following treatments is considered the best choice for Primary Dysmenorrhea?
What is a typical symptom of Secondary Dysmenorrhea?
What is a typical symptom of Secondary Dysmenorrhea?
What defines Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder?
What defines Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder?
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Which of the following is NOT a positive symptom of Premenstrual Syndrome?
Which of the following is NOT a positive symptom of Premenstrual Syndrome?
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What role does Pyridoxine play in the treatment of premenstrual symptoms?
What role does Pyridoxine play in the treatment of premenstrual symptoms?
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What is the function of diuretics in the context of premenstrual symptoms?
What is the function of diuretics in the context of premenstrual symptoms?
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Which of the following is true regarding the symptoms of Secondary Dysmenorrhea?
Which of the following is true regarding the symptoms of Secondary Dysmenorrhea?
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What timeframe is typical for the onset of Primary Dysmenorrhea after the first menstrual period?
What timeframe is typical for the onset of Primary Dysmenorrhea after the first menstrual period?
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Which of the following statements correctly differentiates between Primary and Secondary Dysmenorrhea?
Which of the following statements correctly differentiates between Primary and Secondary Dysmenorrhea?
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What is a noted effect of NSAIDs on Primary Dysmenorrhea?
What is a noted effect of NSAIDs on Primary Dysmenorrhea?
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Which of the following is a treatment specifically recommended for bloating during premenstrual symptoms?
Which of the following is a treatment specifically recommended for bloating during premenstrual symptoms?
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What characterizes Premenstrual Exacerbation?
What characterizes Premenstrual Exacerbation?
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Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with Premenstrual Syndrome?
Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with Premenstrual Syndrome?
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How do symptoms of Secondary Dysmenorrhea typically differ from Primary Dysmenorrhea?
How do symptoms of Secondary Dysmenorrhea typically differ from Primary Dysmenorrhea?
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What is a common positive symptom observed during Premenstrual Syndrome?
What is a common positive symptom observed during Premenstrual Syndrome?
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Which of the following OTC treatments is advised for alleviating pain associated with premenstrual symptoms?
Which of the following OTC treatments is advised for alleviating pain associated with premenstrual symptoms?
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What symptom is characteristic of bacterial vaginosis?
What symptom is characteristic of bacterial vaginosis?
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Which OTC treatment is used specifically for yeast infections?
Which OTC treatment is used specifically for yeast infections?
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What is a common characteristic of atrophic vaginitis?
What is a common characteristic of atrophic vaginitis?
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Which of the following is NOT a typical treatment for bacterial vaginosis?
Which of the following is NOT a typical treatment for bacterial vaginosis?
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For trichomoniasis, which symptom is commonly observed?
For trichomoniasis, which symptom is commonly observed?
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What is the primary active ingredient in Vagisil?
What is the primary active ingredient in Vagisil?
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Which OTC option is recommended for vulvovaginal candidiasis?
Which OTC option is recommended for vulvovaginal candidiasis?
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Which home treatment is effective for non-C. Albicans infections?
Which home treatment is effective for non-C. Albicans infections?
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What is the main reason vaginal antifungals are recommended to be used at night?
What is the main reason vaginal antifungals are recommended to be used at night?
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Study Notes
Dysmenorrhea
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Primary Dysmenorrhea:
- Occurs 6-12 months after first period, but often years later
- Regular menstrual cycles with normal blood loss
- Onset with menstruation, lasting 2-3 days
- Responds to NSAIDs
- Other symptoms: headache, fatigue, nausea, appetite changes, backache, dizziness
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Treatment for Primary Dysmenorrhea (OTC):
- Aspirin, acetaminophen, and NSAIDs (best choice)
- NSAIDs: Ibuprofen (200-400 mg every 4-6 hours), Naproxen (220-440 mg initially, then 220 mg every 8-12 hours)
- Aspirin: 650-1000 mg every 4-6 hours
- Acetaminophen: 650-1000 mg every 4-6 hours
- Selenium
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Secondary Dysmenorrhea:
- Occurs at least 2 years after first period, typically mid-to-late 20s or later
- Irregular cycles with intermenstrual bleeding
- Pattern and duration vary
- Can occur before, during, or after menses
- NSAIDs are often not sufficient
- Other symptoms include dyspareunia or pelvic tenderness
Exclusions for Self-Treatment
- Severe dysmenorrhea and/or menorrhagia
- Symptoms inconsistent with primary dysmenorrhea (e.g., unusual age at onset, pain at times other than menses)
- History of PID, infertility, irregular cycles, endometriosis, or ovarian cysts
- Use of intrauterine device (IUD)
- Aspirin or NSAID allergy/intolerance
- Use of warfarin, heparin, or lithium
- Active GI disease (PUD, GERD, ulcerative colitis)
- Bleeding disorder
Treatment Options
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Nonpharmacologic:
- Sleep, hot baths, exercise
- Discontinue tobacco use
OTC Drug Therapy with NSAIDs
- Initiate at onset of menses or symptoms
- Continue for several days
- Scheduled doses
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
- At least one mood or physical symptom during 5 days prior to menses
- Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD): 5+ symptoms, one being mood, and mood symptoms gone a week after period
- Premenstrual exacerbation: worsening of psychotic symptoms (e.g., IBS, asthma) that worsen premenstrually
Premenstrual Symptoms
- Negative symptoms: fatigue, lack of energy, irritability, anger, mood swings, depression, anxiety, stress, crying, oversensitivity, difficulty concentrating, abdominal bloating, edema, breast tenderness, appetite changes, headaches, hypersomnia, insomnia, joint/muscle pain
- Positive symptoms: increased energy, work efficiency, increased libido, affection, sense of control, self-assurance
OTC Medications for PMS
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Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
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Calcium and Vitamin D
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Magnesium
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NSAIDs (for pain)
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Diuretics (for bloating)
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Combination therapy is a common treatment approach
Additional Notes
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Self-treat with care
- Do not self-treat with NSAIDs if there are contraindications
- Do not give NSAIDs if there is a sensitivity or allergy.
-
Consult physician
- Re-evaluate if symptoms persist, worsen, or if response to therapy changes
- Refer to a healthcare professional if symptoms are worse or response to treatment is inadequate.
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Patient education
- Lifestyle modifications are helpful.
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Description
Explore the types of dysmenorrhea, including primary and secondary forms, and their distinct characteristics. Learn about the symptoms, onset, and recommended over-the-counter treatments for managing pain. This quiz provides valuable insights into menstrual health and management.