Digestive System Anatomy and Function

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What can lead to vomiting?

Endometriosis and heart stroke

Congestive heart failure and pneumonia

Abdominal conditions

Motion sickness and administration of drugs (correct)

What is not a non-abdominal condition that can cause vomiting?

Congestive heart failure

Appendicitis (correct)

Pulmonary embolism

Endometriosis

What is the first step in physical assessment?

Percussion

Auscultation

Palpation

Inspection (correct)

What is an abnormal finding in physical assessment of the abdomen?

Localized area of tenderness Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of palpation in physical assessment?

To feel for masses or tenderness Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for tapping on the abdomen to assess it?

Percussion Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a non-abdominal condition that can cause vomiting?

Heart stroke Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway illustrated in Figure 12?

Pathway for vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal function of the large intestine?

Absorption of water, vitamins, and electrolytes Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of diarrhea?

Loose, watery stools Signup and view all the answers

What can cause chronic diarrhea?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is dyspepsia also known as?

Indigestion Signup and view all the answers

What can cause dyspepsia?

Overeating Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the normal gurgling sounds produced by the movement of gas and fluid in the gut?

Borborygmi Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for extremely increased bowel sounds?

Hyperactive bowel sounds Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the loud, high-pitched tinkling sounds produced by liquid and gas under pressure within a dilated gut?

Tinkling sounds Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Plicae Circulares with Villi in the small intestine?

To increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the nervous system that controls the digestive system?

Enteric Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the digestive system in the body?

To provide energy and nutrients for the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the muscle that separates the esophagus and stomach?

Lower Esophageal Sphincter Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Autonomic Nervous System in the digestive system?

To regulate involuntary actions such as heart rate and digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Interstitial Cells of Cajal in the digestive system?

To modulate the contractions of the digestive muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the chemical messenger that stimulates the contraction of digestive muscles?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the gastrointestinal system?

To absorb nutrients from food Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal color of the umbilicus?

Pinkish Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of dark bluish striae on the skin during abdominal inspection?

Cushing syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of percussing the liver and spleen?

To determine whether they are enlarged or normal Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal finding during palpation of the abdomen?

No tenderness, relaxed abdomen Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal location of the umbilicus?

Sunken, centrally located Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of engorged veins on the skin during abdominal inspection?

Deviation from normal Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of abdominal inspection?

To examine the skin, umbilicus, and venous pattern Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of tympany over air-filled structures?

Presence of air-filled structures Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitters are involved in relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter?

Vasoactive intestinal peptide and nitric oxide Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle is involved in oropharyngeal swallowing?

Skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the brainstem in swallowing?

To control oropharyngeal swallowing Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing pressure on the upper esophageal sphincter (UES)?

It opens the UES Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the enteric nervous system in swallowing?

It controls esophageal swallowing Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pressure measurements in swallowing disorders?

To evaluate functional disorders with no reliable anatomic correlates Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pressure in the esophagus as food moves down towards the stomach?

It increases and then decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the spinal cord in swallowing?

It is involved in the upper portions of the esophagus Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional significance of the phasic contraction of the LES?

It prevents food from entering the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of opening the LES on pressure in the esophagus?

It decreases the pressure Signup and view all the answers