Digestive and Nervous System Overview
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Questions and Answers

What are the terms to know for labeling the lower chest cavity?

Liver, large intestine (or colon), pancreas, stomach, small intestine

What is the long fiber of a neuron that transmits signals from the cell body to other nerve cells?

Axon

What are the fibers of a neuron that carry information toward the cell body?

Dendrites

What are fats that are liquid at room temperature called?

<p>Oils</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the small intestine?

<p>Rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of nutrient are starches and sugars?

<p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process breaks a droplet of fat into smaller droplets?

<p>Emulsification</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are neurons that relay messages between other neurons?

<p>Interneurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What acid does the stomach produce to kill bacteria and help soften foods?

<p>Hydrochloric Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the tube formed by digestive organs?

<p>Alimentary canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the rhythmic waves of muscular contractions that move food through the digestive system?

<p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?

<p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

What disease of the spinal cord is caused by a virus that destroys motor neurons?

<p>Poliomyelitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the sensory structures within the ear that contribute to balance?

<p>Semicircular canals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What division of the nervous system includes the cranial and spinal nerves?

<p>Peripheral nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary organ of digestion and absorption?

<p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a serious injury of the nervous system caused by an internal blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain?

<p>Stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four front teeth on each jaw, which cut food?

<p>Incisors</p> Signup and view all the answers

What form of defective vision is caused by an asymmetrically curved cornea?

<p>Astigmatism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hollow area of a tooth that contains nerves and blood vessels?

<p>Pulp</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the protective layers of tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord?

<p>Meninges</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lowest part of the brain stem, which controls breathing and heartbeat?

<p>Medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the brain functions primarily to coordinate skeletal muscle?

<p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the brain is primarily responsible for thought, memory, voluntary actions, thinking, and intelligence?

<p>Cerebrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following eye components with their functions:

<p>Retina = Inner layer of the eye that detects light and produces nerve impulses Lacrimal gland = Structure that produces tears Fovea = Region of the light-sensitive layer of the eye that produces the clearest vision Sclera = Tough, white, outer layer of the eyeball Cone = Cell type that is responsible for color vision Cornea = Transparent front portion of the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

Neurons that carry information from the brain and spinal cord to the body parts are _______ neurons.

<p>Motor</p> Signup and view all the answers

The simplest type of nerve pathway, involved in a quick, automatic response to a stimulus, is a(n)_______.

<p>Reflex arc</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tiny projections of the wall of the small intestine that help it absorb food are called_______.

<p>Villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

The technical name for cavities is______.

<p>Dental caries</p> Signup and view all the answers

The snail-shaped structure of the inner ear that senses sound vibrations and generates nerve impulses is the_______.

<p>Cochlea</p> Signup and view all the answers

Any junction that allows an impulse to be transmitted from a nerve cell to another cell is a(n)_______.

<p>Synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

The small flap of cartilage that keeps food out of the windpipe is the_______.

<p>Epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bile is stored in the gallbladder but produced by the LIVER.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Myelin-covered nerve fibers form the GRAY matter.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Personality, judgment, self-control and voluntary movement of skeletal muscles are controlled by the PARIETAL lobe of the brain.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The MEDIAN nerve carries sound impulses from the inner ear to the brain.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

An open sore in the lining of the digestive tract is an ULCER.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach is the PYLORIC DUCT.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The carbohydrate CELLULOSE cannot be digested in the human digestive system.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The "building blocks" of proteins are PROTEINOIDS.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A wave of electrical activity that transmits an impulse down a nerve is an ACTION POTENTIAL.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements BEST explains why enzymes are necessary for digestion?

<p>Enzymes break down large food molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Many standalone cameras contain a diaphragm, which helps control the amount of light that enters the camera. A diaphragm operates by changing the size of the opening through which light enters the camera. To which portion of the eye is a camera's diaphragm analogous?

<p>Iris</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of nutrient should account for most of your total Calorie intake?

<p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function of the stomach explains why this organ has three muscle layers instead of the two muscle layers found in the rest of the digestive tract?

<p>The stomach mixes food with gastric juice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do many body processes result in the formation of a free phosphate group?

<p>These processes use energy released by the breakdown of ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on what you know about the autonomic nervous system, explain why prolonged stress can cause functional dyspepsia (a form of indigestion) but reducing stress can help promote proper digestion. Refer to the divisions of the autonomic nervous system in your answer.

<p>The autonomic nervous system has two divisions. The sympathetic division responds to the body's needs during stress. The parasympathetic division counteracts the effects of the sympathetic division, allowing the body to rest once the stress is over. The sympathetic division inhibits the digestive system during stress. (This makes energy that would otherwise be used for digestion available to the heart, lungs, and muscles for increased activity.) The parasympathetic division stimulates the digestive system during rest (when less energy is needed for the hear, lungs, and skeletal muscles). Because stress causes the digestive system to be inhibited, prolonged stress will keep the body from digesting food properly, leading to indigestion. (Brief, occasional stress usually does not cause indigestion because the body still has rest periods in which it can digest.) Reducing stress allows the digestive system to be stimulated, making the process of digestion more effective and efficient and thereby promoting proper digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Digestive System & Nervous System

  • Organs of the Lower Chest Cavity: Liver, large intestine, pancreas, stomach, small intestine.
  • Neuron Fibers: Axon (transmits signals away from cell body), dendrites (carry information toward the cell body).
  • Types of Fats: Oils are liquid at room temperature.
  • Small Intestine Structures: Rectum is NOT part of the small intestine.
  • Nutrient Types: Starches and sugars are carbohydrates.
  • Fat Emulsification: Breaks fat into smaller droplets.
  • Interneurons: Relay messages between other neurons.
  • Stomach Acid: Hydrochloric acid kills bacteria and softens food.
  • Digestive Tract: Alimentary canal.
  • Digestive Muscle Contractions: Peristalsis moves food through the digestive tract.
  • Water-Soluble Vitamin: Vitamin C.
  • Poliomyelitis: Virus destroying motor neurons in the spinal cord.
  • Balance in the Ear: Semicircular canals.
  • Nervous System Division: Peripheral nervous system includes cranial and spinal nerves.
  • Primary Digestion/Absorption Organ: Small intestine.
  • Serious Brain Injury: Stroke.
  • Front Teeth: Incisors cut food.
  • Vision Defect: Astigmatism is caused by an unevenly curved cornea.
  • Tooth Structure: Pulp contains tooth nerves and blood vessels.
  • Brain Protection: Meninges.
  • Lower Brain Stem Function: Medulla oblongata controls breathing and heartbeat.
  • Brain Coordination: Cerebellum coordinates skeletal muscles.
  • Thought & Memory: Cerebrum controls thought, memory, voluntary actions, thinking, and intelligence.
  • Light Detection in the Eye: Retina.
  • Tear Production: Lacrimal gland.
  • Sharpest Vision: Fovea.
  • Eye's Outer Layer: Sclera.
  • Color Vision Cells: Cones.
  • Transparent Eye Part: Cornea.
  • Neurons Carrying Information From CNS to Body: Motor neurons.
  • Simple Reflex Pathway: Reflex arc.
  • Intestinal Absorption Structures: Villi.
  • Dental Cavities: Dental caries.
  • Inner Ear Sound Detection Structure: Cochlea.
  • Neuron Junctions: Synapse.
  • Food-Blocking Cartilage: Epiglottis.
  • Bile Storage & Production: Liver produces bile, gallbladder stores it.
  • Nervous Tissue Types: Myelin-covered nerve fibers form white matter; grey matter is not myelin-covered.
  • Brain Lobe Function: Frontal lobe controls personality, judgment, self-control, and voluntary movement of skeletal muscles.
  • Brain Nerve Pathways: Auditory nerve carries sound impulses from the inner ear to the brain.
  • Digestive Tract Sore: Ulcer.
  • Connects Pharynx to Stomach: Esophagus, not the pyloric duct.
  • Undigestible Carbohydrate: Cellulose.
  • Protein Building Blocks: Amino acids, not proteinoinds.
  • Action Potentials in Neurons: Action potential is a wave of electrical activity in a nerve. This is true.
  • Enzymes in Digestion: Digestion needs many chemical changes.
  • Camera Diaphragm Analog: Iris.
  • Primary Calorie Source: Carbohydrates.
  • Stomach Muscle Function: Stomach mixes food with gastric juice.
  • Energy Release Process: ATP breakdown releases phosphate groups.
  • Autonomic Nervous System and Stress: The sympathetic division inhibits digestion during stress, and the parasympathetic division promotes digestion when stress is reduced.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the key components of the digestive and nervous systems. This quiz covers essential organs, neuron types, and the processes involved in digestion and nerve signal transmission. Perfect for students studying biology or health sciences.

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