Biology Chapter 5: Nervous and Digestive Systems

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What does homeostasis primarily ensure in the body?

Enhancement of sensory perception

Increase in body temperature

Maximization of energy production

State of balance for cell survival (correct)

Which part of the brain is responsible for initiating automatic functions such as heart rate and breathing?

Brain Stem (correct)

Cerebellum

Spinal Cord

Cerebrum

Which structure functions as the main information highway for the nervous system?

Neurons

Brain Stem

Spinal Cord (correct)

Cerebellum

How does the nervous system respond to stimuli?

By enabling behavioral changes Signup and view all the answers

What role does the cerebellum play in the nervous system?

Coordination of movement and balance Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily controlled by the endocrine system?

Metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is responsible for voluntary movement?

Skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

How do hormones reach their target cells in the body?

Through the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the endocrine system?

Immune response Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes cardiac muscle from smooth muscle?

Cardiac muscle is only found in the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the esophagus in the digestive system?

It moves food from the throat to the stomach. Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs in the stomach during digestion?

Churning and mixing food with digestive juices. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the liver in the digestive process?

It stores and releases nutrients into the bloodstream as needed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

To absorb water and form feces. Signup and view all the answers

What does the rectum do in the digestive system?

It holds stool until it is evacuated. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the gallbladder play in digestion?

It stores bile and releases it into the intestine. Signup and view all the answers

Which function is NOT associated with the integumentary system?

Formation of blood cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes a ligament?

Connects bone to bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cartilage in the skeletal system?

Absorbs shock and reduces friction between bones. Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of the pancreas in the digestive system?

Produces enzymes that aid in the digestion of food. Signup and view all the answers

Which organ primarily excretes carbon dioxide from the blood?

Lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the kidneys in the excretory system?

Filter wastes and excess water from the blood Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the circulatory system is made of cardiac muscles?

Heart Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the urinary system stores urine until it is expelled from the body?

Urinary bladder Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood does the heart transport away from the lungs?

Oxygen-rich blood Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood do arteries typically carry?

Oxygen-rich blood Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes a function of blood?

It delivers nutrients to the cells. Signup and view all the answers

What are the chambers of the heart called?

Atria and ventricles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of capillaries in the circulatory system?

Exchange valuable nutrients with cells Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the structure of the heart?

The heart has two sides, each with an atrium and a ventricle. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

To carry oxygen and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood cell leaves the bloodstream to assist in tissue repair?

White blood cells Signup and view all the answers

During which step does oxygen transfer from the lungs to the circulatory system?

Oxygen goes from the lungs to the blood Signup and view all the answers

What role do platelets play in the body?

Help stop bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What is the waste product that is removed from the body during the respiratory process?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation?

It contracts, reducing chest cavity pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Where does fertilization take place in the female reproductive system?

In the fallopian tubes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that develops after the zygote implants into the uterine lining?

Embryo. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during exhalation?

Chest cavity pressure increases. Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone-related function is performed by the ovaries?

Producing ovum and female sex hormones. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

To facilitate gas exchange with the blood Signup and view all the answers

What role does the epiglottis play during swallowing?

It covers the trachea to prevent food entry Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for the voice production?

Larynx Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the diaphragm contracting during inhalation?

It expands the chest cavity and lowers pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the pathway of oxygen through the respiratory system?

Nasal Cavity → Pharynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What happens to carbon dioxide in the respiratory system?

It is exhaled after being collected from cells Signup and view all the answers

How do the bronchi contribute to the respiratory system?

They connect the trachea to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a function of the nasal cavity?

Exchanging gases with the blood Signup and view all the answers