Dermatology Quiz on Hyperadrenocorticism

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Questions and Answers

What is a common dermatological sign in hyperadrenocorticism?

Severe pruritus

Bilateral symmetrical alopecia (correct)

Erythema

Focal alopecia

What is calcinosis cutis primarily a response to?

Hormonal imbalances

Allergic reactions

Genetic predisposition

Dystrophic calcification due to injury (correct)

Which of the following symptoms is NOT commonly associated with hyperadrenocorticism?

Hypopigmentation (correct)

Coarse brittle hair

Comedones

Hypotonic skin

What type of hypersensitivity is classified as Type I?

Anaphylactic Signup and view all the answers

In iatrogenic Cushing’s disease, which skin feature is most likely to be observed?

Plaque-like calcifications Signup and view all the answers

What common feature is typically associated with hypersensitivity reactions?

Pruritus Signup and view all the answers

What type of hypersensitivity is primarily involved in atopic dermatitis?

Type I (anaphylactic) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of flea allergy dermatitis?

Excessive grooming Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary lesion associated with flea allergy dermatitis?

Erythematous papule Signup and view all the answers

What potential dysfunction may contribute to atopic dermatitis?

Th2 cells dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

Which of these conditions involves spongiosis and possible eosinophilic microabscesses?

Atopic dermatitis Signup and view all the answers

What type of hypersensitivity is involved in food allergies?

Type I (anaphylactic) Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely consequence of prolonged contact with an allergen in allergic contact dermatitis?

Erythema and papules Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary microscopic feature of urticaria?

Dermal oedema Signup and view all the answers

Which autoimmune disease is associated with the attack on desmogleins?

Pemphigus foliaceous Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes pemphigus foliaceous from pemphigus vulgaris?

Superficial pustules are primary lesions Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by thick crusts resulting from ruptured pustules?

Pemphigus foliaceous Signup and view all the answers

What type of immune cells infiltrate the dermis in urticaria?

Lymphocytes and eosinophils Signup and view all the answers

In bullous pemphigoid, what is the mechanism behind blister formation?

Separation of the epidermis from the dermis Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of lupus erythematosus?

Affectation of multiple tissues Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the lesions in pemphigus foliaceous?

Superficial and fragile pustules Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical sign associated with hypothyroidism in dogs?

Bilateral symmetrical alopecia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following skin changes is most frequently observed in dogs with hypothyroidism?

Dry and scaly skin Signup and view all the answers

What underlying condition can lead to hypothyroidism in dogs?

Pituitary neoplasia Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical histological finding in hypothyroid dogs?

Hyperkeratosis Signup and view all the answers

Hyperadrenocorticism in dogs is primarily caused by an excess of which type of hormone?

Glucocorticoids Signup and view all the answers

Which skin condition is NOT typically associated with hyperadrenocorticism?

Fast hair regrowth Signup and view all the answers

In hypothyroidism, what happens to the remaining hair texture?

It appears coarse, dull, and brittle Signup and view all the answers

What histological change is seen in the epidermis of dogs with hypothyroidism?

Orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Integumentary System: Systemic Veterinary Pathology II

Course: VPM 3419
Institution: Universiti Putra Malaysia
Topics Covered:
- General introduction of the integumentary system
- Dermatohistopathology
- Primary and secondary skin lesions
- Disorders and diseases of skin
- Endocrine and immune-mediated diseases of skin
- Viral, bacterial, and mycotic diseases of skin
- Parasitic and neoplastic diseases

Lecture 4: Endocrine Diseases

Hypothyroidism:
- Cause: Inadequate thyroxine & triiodothyronine production (e.g., pituitary neoplasia, thyroid atrophy, iodine deficiency)
- Clinical Signs:
  - Alopecia (bilateral symmetrical)
  - Remaining hair: coarse, dull, dry, brittle, easily epilated, fails to regrow after clipping
  - Dry, slightly scaly skin
  - Hyperpigmentation
  - Secondary seborrhea and/or pyoderma
- Additional Features:
  - Common in dogs
  - Typical atrophic dermatosis pattern
  - Often hyperplasia of epidermis/follicular infundibulum
  - Increased dermal mucin (alcian blue stain)
  - Histopathological changes: epidermal changes, orthro- and/or parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, follicular "plugs" filled with keratin, cutaneous debris, collagen staining unevenly
Hyperadrenocorticism:
- Cause: Excessive exposure to endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoids
- Clinical Signs:
  - Thin, poor healing skin
  - Macules, hyperpigmentation
  - Alopecia (bilateral symmetrical)
  - Coarse, dull, dry, brittle hair, easily epilated, fails to regrow after clipping
  - Hypotonic skin, easy bruising
  - Poor wound healing
  - Secondary seborrhea and/or pyoderma
- Additional Features:
  - Alopecia & comedones (sebum block → infection)
  - Calcinosis cutis (dystrophic calcification in response to injury; white to dark plaque-like areas on ventral abdomen)
  - Showing multifocal aggregates of mineral scattered throughout the dermis (mostly in iatrogenic Cushing's disease)
Other Endocrine Diseases: Testosterone-responsive dermatosis, hyperestrogenism (rare)
- Hormones modify existing skin and physiological processes in the body.
- Bilateral symmetrical alopecia (nonpruritic)
- Hyperpigmentation
- Secondary seborrhea and/or pyoderma

Lecture 4.2: Immune-Mediated Diseases

Hypersensitivity (HS) or Allergic Dermatoses:
- Types: Type I (anaphylactic), Type II (cytotoxic), Type III (immune complex), Type IV (cell-mediated)
- Examples: Allergic contact dermatitis, flea allergy dermatitis
Atopic Dermatitis
- Cause: Complex HS in response to normally non-toxic environmental antigens
- Clinical Signs: Possible Th2 cell dysfuncion with overproduction of specific IgE, mast cell degranulation, pruritus (self-trauma), erythema, excoriation, alopecia, hyperpigmentation, lichenification
Allergic Contact Dermatitis (Contact HS):
- Cause: Prolonged contact with allergens (e.g., plants, cleaners, synthetic materials)
- Clinical Signs: Erythema, papules, plaques, vesicles at contact areas (especially hair regions)
Pemphigus:
- Types: Pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vegetans
- Characteristics: Autoimmune diseases, loss of adhesion between keratinocytes (acantholysis), superficial vesicles/bullae, erosions, acantholysis, often in susceptible breeds
  - Histopathology varies among these types
Lupus Erythematosus:
- Types: Discoid (localized to skin), systemic (multiple tissues)
- Clinical signs: Varies with the type; discoid form usually shows alopecia, erythema, ulceration/crusting, depigmentation
Other Immune-Mediated Diseases:
- Immune-mediated vasculitis, erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis, plasma cell pododermatitis, cutaneous amyloidosis (summary of disorders)

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Description

Test your knowledge on dermatological signs and conditions related to hyperadrenocorticism and hypersensitivity. This quiz covers symptoms, lesions, and hypersensitivity types pertinent to skin disorders. Ideal for students studying dermatology or veterinary medicine.