48 Questions
What percentage of the human genome consists of protein-encoding sequences?
1.2%
How does the structure of the mitochondrial chromosome compare to the bacterial chromosome?
Both have a circular structure
What major event occurred in 2004 related to the human genome?
Completion of the Human Genome Project
In terms of base pairs, how large is the human genome approximately?
Three billion base pairs
What is a gene?
A unit of DNA sequence that encodes a specific functional product
Which of the following is NOT a component of a gene?
Exon
How do prokaryotic mRNAs differ from eukaryotic mRNAs?
Prokaryotic mRNAs are monocistronic
How do prokaryotic genes differ from eukaryotic genes in terms of RNA splicing?
RNA splicing does not occur in prokaryotic genes
What is the significance of transcription occurring in the nucleus while translation occurs in the cytoplasm?
It allows for mRNA maturation
Why are mRNAs in eukaryotes considered monocistronic?
Each mRNA produces only one type of protein
What distinguishes eukaryotic genes from prokaryotic genes in terms of their RNA polymerases?
Eukaryotes use multiple RNA polymerases while prokaryotes use a single RNA polymerase
What defines a genome in biological terms?
The entire chromosomal DNA sequence unique to each cell type
In prokaryotes, which of the following is true regarding mRNA?
One mRNA can encode a variety of proteins by varying the start site
What feature distinguishes eukaryotic genes from prokaryotic genes in terms of mRNA structure?
Presence of 5' caps and poly-A tails in eukaryotic mRNAs
What differentiates prokaryotic RNA polymerase from eukaryotic RNA polymerase?
RNA polymerase structure complexity
Why is RNA splicing absent in prokaryotic genes?
Simplicity in gene structure
Which of the following statements about mRNAs is not true?
mRNAs have 3' caps and poly-A tails
In terms of transcription and translation, what distinguishes prokaryotes from eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes produce monocistronic mRNAs
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes in terms of non-coding sequences?
Prokaryotic genes have no introns in their gene sequences
What is the term used to describe the entire chromosomal DNA sequence in a cell?
gDNA sequence
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes in terms of introns and exons?
Prokaryotic genes have introns while eukaryotic genes do not.
In terms of genome size, how does the human genome compare to the bacterial genome?
The human genome is larger than the bacterial genome due to more non-coding DNA.
How does transcription regulation differ in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Transcription in prokaryotes is regulated by operons, whereas eukaryotes regulate transcription individually for each gene.
What feature distinguishes eukaryotic chromosomes from prokaryotic chromosomes?
Eukaryotic chromosomes are associated with histones and organized into chromatin, a level of organization absent in prokaryotes.
What distinguishes prokaryotic mRNA from eukaryotic mRNA in terms of polycistronicity?
Eukaryotic mRNAs can encode various proteins from one mRNA molecule.
Which of the following statements regarding RNA splicing in prokaryotic genes is true?
RNA splicing in prokaryotes is responsible for removing introns from pre-mRNA.
In terms of exon-intron structure, what differentiates eukaryotic genes from prokaryotic genes?
Eukaryotic genes have exons interrupted by introns, while prokaryotic genes are monocistronic.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic mRNAs?
Prokaryotic mRNAs can encode multiple proteins from a single mRNA molecule.
What distinguishes eukaryotic genes from prokaryotic genes in terms of mRNA half-life?
Eukaryotic mRNA half-life is longer than prokaryotic mRNA half-life
In eukaryotes, what is a distinguishing feature of mRNA molecules in terms of their structure?
Eukaryotic mRNAs have 5' caps and poly-A tails
What distinguishes eukaryotic and prokaryotic genes in terms of non-coding sequences?
Non-coding sequences make up a larger portion of eukaryotic genes
Regarding transcription and translation, what is the key difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Transcription occurs in the nucleus in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
What is a unique feature of eukaryotic genes that distinguishes them from prokaryotic genes?
Absence of introns
Which component is commonly found in eukaryotic genes but not in prokaryotic genes?
Exons with introns
What is the term used to describe the DNA sequences within genes that are translated into proteins?
Exons
Which characteristic is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes in terms of gene expression regulation?
Monocistronic mRNA in prokaryotic genes
What is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes in terms of mRNA structure?
Prokaryotic mRNAs contain 5' caps and poly-A tails.
What distinguishes human genome project techniques from molecular biology approaches in terms of gene expression?
Genetic engineering techniques exploit differences in gene regulation between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Which of the following is true regarding the structure of eukaryotic genes that code for proteins?
Eukaryotic genes include regions beyond the coding sequence required for protein production.
What distinguishes RNA transcripts of some genes that do not translate into proteins?
They can function as the final product without being translated into proteins.
What percentage of the human genome is comprised of protein-encoding sequences?
1.2%
During the Human Genome Project, how many base pairs were deciphered to reveal the entire human genome sequence?
3 billion
What was a major outcome of the first genome data in 2004 related to the human genome?
Identification of diverse human genetics
What is the main goal of the Human Genome Project?
To identify all genes in human DNA
What similarity exists between the circular structure of the mitochondrial chromosome and the bacterial chromosome?
The overall structure being circular
How does mRNA maturation differ in eukaryotes compared to prokaryotes?
Eukaryotic mRNAs undergo splicing and have 5' caps and poly-A tails, prokaryotic mRNAs do not
What percentage of the human genome consists of non-coding sequences?
Less than 1%
Which term best describes the regions of the human genome that encode proteins?
Exons
Learn about the definition of a gene and genome, focusing on the unit of DNA sequence that encodes specific functional products. Explore how gene products can be proteins or functional RNA transcripts, including regulatory elements.
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