Gene Structure and Transcription Process

Machinery that transcribes DNA to RNA binds to this site

Enzyme that polymerizes nucleotides and extends the RNA chain

RNA with base complementary to DNA is paired using hydrogen bonding

<p>Stops the elongation process and releases the polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulation of gene expression and prevention of fatal mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By binding to a promoter sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, microRNAs. mRNA carries the genetic information, tRNA provides specificity, rRNA is part of the ribosome complex, microRNAs have regulatory functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>tRNA has a cloverleaf structure and carries a specific amino acid residue. It also has an anticodon that binds to the mRNA in the ribosome to provide specificity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis. They are complexes of proteins and RNA that facilitate the translation of mRNA into polypeptide chains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During initiation, the ribosome binds to the mRNA, and a tRNA corresponding to the start codon (AUG) initiates the process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In elongation, the ribosome moves along the RNA codon by codon, adding complementary tRNAs and polymerizing the amino acids into a growing polypeptide chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translation is terminated at a stop codon where there is no corresponding tRNA. This signals the ribosome to release the polypeptide chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The central dogma is the process where DNA is transcribed into RNA, and then the RNA is translated into proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA polymerase is responsible for transcribing DNA into RNA during the process of gene expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The genetic code uses 3 nucleotides called codons to specify 1 amino acid in the protein sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-coding regions play regulatory roles in gene expression by influencing transcription and translation processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A gene contains the genetic information necessary to produce a functional protein through the process of translation.</p> Signup and view all the answers