BMS 150 Quiz 2 (Week 2)

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following interaction is NOT part of the cSMAC (central supramolecular activation complex) between a T-helper cell and an antigen presenting cell?

An integrin bound to an cellular adhesion molecules (correct)

CD28 bound to CD80

T-cell receptor bound to HLA-II

CD4 co receptor bound to HLA II

Choose the protein that prevents a cytosolic (intracellular) antigen from being loaded onto an HLA-II in the tough endoplasmic reticulum

Invariant chain (correct)

CD28

TAP

HLA-CM2

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the endogenous pathway of antigen presentation?

The antigenic peptide is loaded into an HLA-II

Antigenic peptides are phagocytosed

The antigenic peptide is degraded in a proteasome (correct)

The antigenic peptide is translocated into the rough endoplasmic reticulum with the help of CLIP

Choose the antigen that is most likely to be presented on an HLA-1

A virus that binds to and enters a cell Signup and view all the answers

What cytokine, produced by Th1 cells, inhibits the differentiation of Th2 cells?

IFN-y Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about follicular cells (Tfh) are FALSE?

Tfh cell differentiation is dependent on high IL-12 and IL-2 concentrations Signup and view all the answers

The decision as to whether a CD4+ T cell will become a Th1 or Th2 cell is primarily dependent on:

Type of cytokine present in the area of T cell activation Signup and view all the answers

Which transcription factor drives the differentiation of a naive T cell to a regulatory T cell (Treg)

FoxP3 Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the respiratory system is least likely to contain natural microbiota?

Respiratory bronchioles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of diphtheria toxin?

Inhibits mRNA synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Why is the production of a vaccine for the common cold so difficult?

The common cold is caused by many different viruses from very different viral families Signup and view all the answers

After analyzing a patient’s sputum and observing the cells under a microscope, you were able to see the presence of gram positive cocci arranged in linear chains. The bacteria grows on blood agar plates and is gamma-hemolytic. What are you likely observing?

Commensal Strep Signup and view all the answers

Why are rhinoviruses so difficult to gain immunological memory to?

The nature of how the virus binds to the ICAM-1 receptor on host cells Signup and view all the answers

Which cell is UNABLE to present antigen via HLA-1 ?

Red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is TRUE regarding Co-Stimulatory interactions between an antigen presenting cell and a T-helper cell?

Co-stimulator interactions increase the likelihood that a T-helper cell is activated by an antigen presenting cell Signup and view all the answers

Choose the coreceptor that is found on a cytotoxic T-cell

CD8 Signup and view all the answers

Choose the protein that is needed to help translocate an antigenic peptide into the rough endoplasmic reticulum via the endogenous pathway.

TAP Signup and view all the answers

Which pair of signals is needed for a Th1 helper cell to activate a macrophage?

CD40-CD40L as well as IFN-gamma production Signup and view all the answers

Choose the TRUE statement regarding IL-2

IL-2 can provide autocrine stimulation (stimulates that cell that produced IL-2) Signup and view all the answers

A naive helper T cell interacts with an APC presenting an antigen. The TCR binds to the antigen on the HLA, the co-receptor binds to the HLA, but there is no CD28 costimulator interaction. What will the helper T-cell do?

The helper T cell is rendered anergic. Signup and view all the answers

As a fastidious microorganism, in order to survive in culture, Haemophilus influenzae requires all of the following EXCEPT:

Blood agar Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism through which rhinoviral infections can make hosts more susceptible to secondary bacterial infections?

Reducing host immune response through the inhibition of B cells Signup and view all the answers

Choose the cytokine that is NOT associated with polarization of a naive T-helper cell to a Th17 cell?

IL-4 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true to antigenic peptides?

The antigenic peptide is degraded in a proteosome Signup and view all the answers

Which virulence factors are expressed by group A Streptococcus?

Pathogenic streptococci will be beta-hemolytic, while others will not. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Antigen Presentation and T-Cells

cSMAC (central supramolecular activation complex) between a T-helper cell and an antigen presenting cell does not include ICAM-1.
HLA-DM prevents a cytosolic (intracellular) antigen from being loaded onto an HLA-II in the tough endoplasmic reticulum.
The endogenous pathway of antigen presentation is responsible for processing and presenting cytosolic antigens.

T-Cell Differentiation

IFN-γ, produced by Th1 cells, inhibits the differentiation of Th2 cells.
The decision as to whether a CD4+ T cell will become a Th1 or Th2 cell is primarily dependent on the cytokine environment.
Foxp3 drives the differentiation of a naive T cell to a regulatory T cell (Treg).

Microbiology and Immunity

The upper respiratory tract is least likely to contain natural microbiota.
Diphtheria toxin inhibits protein synthesis by ADP-ribosylating EF-2.
The production of a vaccine for the common cold is difficult due to the high number of serotypes.
Gram positive cocci arranged in linear chains in sputum are likely Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Rhinoviruses are difficult to gain immunological memory to due to their high mutation rate.
Red blood cells are UNABLE to present antigen via HLA-1.

Co-Stimulatory Interactions

CD80 and CD86 are co-stimulatory molecules that interact with CD28 on T-cells.
CD8 is a coreceptor that is found on a cytotoxic T-cell.

Antigen Processing

TAP (Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing) is needed to help translocate an antigenic peptide into the rough endoplasmic reticulum via the endogenous pathway.
IFN-γ and TNF-α are needed for a Th1 helper cell to activate a macrophage.

IL-2 and T-Cell Activation

IL-2 is a cytokine that promotes T-cell proliferation and activation.
If a naive helper T cell interacts with an APC presenting an antigen without CD28 costimulator interaction, it will undergo anergy.

Microorganism Characteristics

Haemophilus influenzae requires NAD and hemin to survive in culture.
Rhinoviral infections can make hosts more susceptible to secondary bacterial infections by disrupting the epithelial barrier and increasing the expression of adhesion molecules.
IL-23 is not associated with polarization of a naive T-helper cell to a Th17 cell.
Antigenic peptides are 8-11 amino acids long and are bound to HLA molecules.
Group A Streptococcus expresses M protein and lipoteichoic acid as virulence factors.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the cSMAC (central supramolecular activation complex) interactions between T-helper cells and antigen presenting cells by identifying which interaction is NOT part of it.