CSMA Protocols and Collision Avoidance

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Questions and Answers

Which layer of the data link layer is responsible for error and flow control?

MAC Control

Broadcast link

Link Layer Control (LLC) (correct)

Multiple Access Control

Which layer of the data link layer is responsible for framing and MAC address?

Broadcast link

Multiple Access Control (correct)

Link Layer Control (LLC)

MAC Control

What is the main task of Multiple Access Protocols?

To minimize collisions (correct)

To maximize collisions

To increase propagation delay

To decrease throughput

What is throughput?

The amount of data moved successfully in a given time period Signup and view all the answers

What is propagation delay?

The amount of time it takes for the head of the signal to travel from sender to receiver Signup and view all the answers

What type of access protocols assume that no station is superior to another and none is assigned control over another?

Random access protocols Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols?

To minimize collisions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of CSMA protocol continuously listens to the medium until it becomes idle and then transmits immediately with probability 1?

1-persistent CSMA Signup and view all the answers

Which type of CSMA protocol reduces the possibility of collisions like non-persistent and reduces channel idle time like 1-persistent?

p-persistent CSMA Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum propagation time referred to as in CSMA protocols?

Vulnerable time Signup and view all the answers

Which CSMA protocol has random delays that reduce the probability of collisions?

Non-persistent CSMA Signup and view all the answers

What is the main inefficiency of CSMA protocols?

Channel wastage Signup and view all the answers

Which CSMA protocol overcomes the inefficiency of channel wastage by detecting collisions while transmitting?

CSMA/CD Signup and view all the answers

What should a station do if it detects a collision during transmission in CSMA/CD?

Abort transmission and transmit a jam signal Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol was developed at the University of Hawaii in the early 1970s to connect computers situated on different Hawaiian islands?

ALOHA ALOHA Random Access Scheme Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of random retransmission time in the ALOHA scheme?

To spread out the retransmission and reduce the likelihood of additional collisions between stations Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol requires stations to use a random retransmission time?

ALOHA ALOHA Random Access Scheme Signup and view all the answers

In the Pure ALOHA protocol, what is the maximum round-trip propagation delay?

$2t_{prop}$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the vulnerable time in the Pure ALOHA protocol?

$2T_{fr}$ Signup and view all the answers

In the Slotted ALOHA protocol, how is time divided?

Into slots equal to a frame transmission time (Tfr) Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol is based on carrier sense, where a user listens to the medium to see if another transmission is in progress?

Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a restriction of CSMA/CD?

Packet transmission time should be longer than the time needed to detect a collision Signup and view all the answers

Which method for controlled access provides in order access to the shared medium and eliminates collisions completely?

Token Passing Signup and view all the answers

In the Reservation Access Method, each cycle begins with a reservation interval that consists of how many minislots?

N Signup and view all the answers

Which model of polling has one device assigned as the primary station and all data exchanges are done through the primary?

Centralized polling Signup and view all the answers

In the Token-Passing network, the station interface is in two states:

Listen state and Transmit state Signup and view all the answers

Which channelization protocol assigns a frequency to a transmission channel permanently or through hopping?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

In FDMA, the transmission medium is divided into how many separate frequency bands?

M Signup and view all the answers

In TDMA, the entire bandwidth capacity is a single channel with its capacity shared in time between how many stations?

M Signup and view all the answers

In CDMA, each station codes its data signal by specific codes before transmission. True or False?

True Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the data link layer is responsible for error and flow control?

LLC Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols?

To minimize collisions and utilize the bandwidth Signup and view all the answers

What type of access protocols assume that no station is superior to another and none is assigned control over another?

Random Access Protocols Signup and view all the answers

What is throughput?

The amount of data moved successfully from one place to another in a given time period Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol requires stations to use a random retransmission time?

Pure ALOHA Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum propagation time referred to as in CSMA protocols?

Vulnerable Time Signup and view all the answers

In FDMA, the transmission medium is divided into how many separate frequency bands?

4 Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol requires stations to use a random retransmission time?

Pure ALOHA Signup and view all the answers

What is the vulnerable time in the Pure ALOHA protocol?

2Tfr Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum throughput in the Pure ALOHA protocol?

18% Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum throughput in the Slotted ALOHA protocol?

37% Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of random retransmission time in the ALOHA scheme?

To spread out retransmission Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol was developed at the University of Hawaii in the early 1970s to connect computers situated on different Hawaiian islands?

Pure ALOHA Signup and view all the answers

Which type of CSMA protocol reduces the possibility of collisions like non-persistent and reduces channel idle time like 1-persistent?

p-persistent CSMA Signup and view all the answers

Which CSMA protocol has random delays that reduce the probability of collisions?

Non-Persistent CSMA Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum propagation time referred to as in CSMA protocols?

Vulnerable time Signup and view all the answers

Which type of CSMA protocol continuously listens to the medium until it becomes idle and then transmits immediately with probability 1?

1-Persistent CSMA Signup and view all the answers

Which CSMA protocol overcomes the inefficiency of channel wastage by detecting collisions while transmitting?

CSMA/CD Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of random retransmission time in the ALOHA scheme?

To reduce the probability of collisions Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol requires stations to use a random retransmission time?

ALOHA Signup and view all the answers

What should a station do if it detects a collision during transmission in CSMA/CD?

Abort transmission and transmit a jam signal Signup and view all the answers

Which method for controlled access provides in order access to the shared medium and eliminates collisions completely?

Token Passing Signup and view all the answers

What is the main inefficiency of CSMA protocols?

Channel idle time Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol requires stations to use a random retransmission time?

1-persistent CSMA Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of random retransmission time in the ALOHA scheme?

To reduce channel idle time Signup and view all the answers

Which type of CSMA protocol continuously listens to the medium until it becomes idle and then transmits immediately with probability 1?

Non-persistent CSMA Signup and view all the answers

Which type of CSMA protocol reduces the possibility of collisions like non-persistent and reduces channel idle time like 1-persistent?

p-persistent CSMA Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol was developed at the University of Hawaii in the early 1970s to connect computers situated on different Hawaiian islands?

ALOHA Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum round-trip propagation delay in the Pure ALOHA protocol?

Twice the maximum propagation delay Signup and view all the answers

Which channelization protocol assigns a frequency to a transmission channel permanently or through hopping?

FDMA Signup and view all the answers

Which type of access protocols assume that no station is superior to another and none is assigned control over another?

Random Access Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum throughput in the Slotted ALOHA protocol?

0.37 Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol requires stations to use a random retransmission time?

CSMA/CA Signup and view all the answers

Which channelization protocol assigns a frequency to a transmission channel permanently or through hopping?

FDMA Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum propagation time referred to as in CSMA protocols?

Propagation delay Signup and view all the answers

Which type of CSMA protocol reduces the possibility of collisions like non-persistent and reduces channel idle time like 1-persistent?

p-persistent CSMA Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols?

To coordinate the access of multiple sending/receiving nodes to the shared link Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol was developed at the University of Hawaii in the early 1970s to connect computers situated on different Hawaiian islands?

ALOHA Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of random retransmission time in the ALOHA scheme?

To reduce the likelihood of additional collisions between stations Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum throughput in the Pure ALOHA protocol?

18% Signup and view all the answers

What is the vulnerable time in the Pure ALOHA protocol?

2Tfr Signup and view all the answers

Which type of CSMA protocol reduces the possibility of collisions like non-persistent and reduces channel idle time like 1-persistent?

p-persistent CSMA Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum propagation delay (tprop) in the Pure ALOHA protocol?

tprop = 2Tfr Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols?

To regulate access to a shared communication channel Signup and view all the answers

Which CSMA protocol has random delays that reduce the probability of collisions?

Non-persistent CSMA Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum round-trip propagation delay in the Pure ALOHA protocol?

Twice the maximum propagation time Signup and view all the answers

Which CSMA protocol overcomes the inefficiency of channel wastage by detecting collisions while transmitting?

CSMA/CD Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of random retransmission time in the ALOHA scheme?

To reduce collisions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of CSMA protocol continuously listens to the medium until it becomes idle and then transmits immediately with probability 1?

1-persistent CSMA Signup and view all the answers

What is the main inefficiency of CSMA/CD protocols?

Collision detection Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol requires stations to use a random retransmission time?

CSMA/CD Signup and view all the answers

Which access method provides in order access to the shared medium and eliminates collisions completely?

Token Passing Signup and view all the answers

In the Reservation Access Method, each cycle begins with a reservation interval that consists of how many minislots?

N Signup and view all the answers

Which method of controlled access uses a primary station and secondary stations for data exchanges?

Polling Signup and view all the answers

In the Polling method, how does the primary station ask secondary stations if they have data to send?

By sending a poll frame Signup and view all the answers

Which access method uses a free token to allow stations to transmit their frames?

Token Passing Signup and view all the answers

In FDMA, the transmission medium is divided into how many separate frequency bands?

M Signup and view all the answers

In TDMA, the entire bandwidth capacity is a single channel with its capacity shared in time between how many stations?

M Signup and view all the answers

In CDMA, how are transmissions carried simultaneously?

Each station transmits continuously on the same frequency band Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols?

To eliminate collisions in a shared medium Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the data link layer is responsible for error and flow control?

LLC Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol requires stations to use a random retransmission time?

CSMA/CD Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols?

To minimize collisions and utilize bandwidth Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum throughput in the Slotted ALOHA protocol?

0.37 Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol was developed at the University of Hawaii in the early 1970s to connect computers situated on different Hawaiian islands?

ALOHA Signup and view all the answers

What is the vulnerable time in the Pure ALOHA protocol?

0.25 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of access protocols assume that no station is superior to another and none is assigned control over another?

Random Access Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol was developed at the University of Hawaii in the early 1970s to connect computers situated on different Hawaiian islands?

ALOHA Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum throughput in the Pure ALOHA protocol?

18% Signup and view all the answers

What is the main inefficiency of CSMA protocols?

Channel wastage Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of random retransmission time in the ALOHA scheme?

To spread out retransmissions and reduce the likelihood of additional collisions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of CSMA protocol continuously listens to the medium until it becomes idle and then transmits immediately with probability 1?

1-persistent CSMA Signup and view all the answers

What is the vulnerable time in the Pure ALOHA protocol?

2Tfr Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the data link layer is responsible for framing and MAC address?

Data Link Layer Signup and view all the answers

Which CSMA protocol has random delays that reduce the probability of collisions?

Non-persistent CSMA Signup and view all the answers

What is the main inefficiency of CSMA protocols?

High collision probability Signup and view all the answers

Which type of CSMA protocol continuously listens to the medium until it becomes idle and then transmits immediately with probability 1?

1-persistent CSMA Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of random retransmission time in the ALOHA scheme?

To reduce collision probability Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol requires stations to use a random retransmission time?

ALOHA Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum propagation time referred to as in CSMA protocols?

Vulnerable time Signup and view all the answers

Which type of access protocols assume that no station is superior to another and none is assigned control over another?

ALOHA Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol assigns a frequency to a transmission channel permanently or through hopping?

FDMA Signup and view all the answers

In TDMA, how many stations share the entire bandwidth capacity?

M Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols?

To provide fair access to the shared medium Signup and view all the answers

In the Reservation Access Method, how many minislots are there in the reservation interval?

N Signup and view all the answers

Which type of access protocol assumes that no station is superior to another and none is assigned control over another?

Token-Passing network Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum propagation delay referred to as in CSMA protocols?

Maximum round-trip propagation delay Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol requires stations to use a random retransmission time?

CSMA/CD Signup and view all the answers

What is the main inefficiency of CSMA/CD protocols?

Collision detection Signup and view all the answers

In CDMA, how are transmissions carried simultaneously?

By assigning a specific code to each station before transmission Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the data link layer is responsible for error and flow control?

Link Layer Control (LLC) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols?

To minimize collisions and utilize bandwidth Signup and view all the answers

Which type of access protocols assume that no station is superior to another and none is assigned control over another?

Random Access Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum propagation delay referred to as in CSMA protocols?

Round-trip propagation delay Signup and view all the answers

Which CSMA protocol has random delays that reduce the probability of collisions?

Non-persistent CSMA Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of random retransmission time in the ALOHA scheme?

To reduce collisions Signup and view all the answers

In the Slotted ALOHA protocol, how is time divided?

Time is divided into fixed-size slots Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol was developed at the University of Hawaii in the early 1970s to connect computers situated on different Hawaiian islands?

ALOHA Signup and view all the answers

What is the main inefficiency of CSMA protocols?

High collision probability Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum throughput occurs at G in Pure ALOHA?

1/2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum throughput occurs at G in Slotted ALOHA?

1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the vulnerable time in the Pure ALOHA protocol?

2Tfr Signup and view all the answers

What is the vulnerable time in the Slotted ALOHA protocol?

Tfr Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of random retransmission time in the ALOHA scheme?

To reduce collision probability Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol assigns a frequency to a transmission channel permanently or through hopping?

FDMA Signup and view all the answers

In TDMA, how many stations share the entire bandwidth capacity?

M Signup and view all the answers

Which type of access protocols assume that no station is superior to another and none is assigned control over another?

Contention Access Signup and view all the answers

What should a station do if it detects a collision during transmission in CSMA/CD?

Wait a random amount of time and retransmit Signup and view all the answers

In FDMA, the transmission medium is divided into how many separate frequency bands?

M Signup and view all the answers

In the Token-Passing network, the station interface is in two states:

Listen and Transmit Signup and view all the answers

What is the main inefficiency of CSMA protocols?

High collision probability Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum propagation time referred to as in CSMA protocols?

Round-trip time Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the data link layer is responsible for framing and MAC address?

Data link layer Signup and view all the answers

Which type of CSMA protocol listens to the medium continuously until it becomes idle and then transmits immediately with probability 1?

1-persistent CSMA Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of random backoff time in the non-persistent CSMA protocol?

To reduce the probability of collisions Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum throughput in the Pure ALOHA protocol?

0.18 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the p-persistent CSMA protocol?

To avoid idle channel time Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum propagation time referred to as in CSMA protocols?

Vulnerable time Signup and view all the answers

What is the main inefficiency of CSMA/CD protocols?

Excessive collisions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main task of Multiple Access Protocols?

To allow multiple stations to share a communication medium Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Data Link Layer

The LLC (Logical Link Control) sublayer is responsible for error and flow control.
The MAC (Medium Access Control) sublayer is responsible for framing and MAC address.

Multiple Access Protocols

Multiple Access Protocols (MAPs) manage multiple devices accessing a shared channel to prevent data collisions.
The main task of MAPs is to coordinate access to the shared medium.

Throughput and Propagation Delay

Throughput is the rate of successful data transmission over a communication channel.
Propagation delay is the time it takes for a signal to travel from the sender to the receiver.

Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocols

The purpose of MAC protocols is to manage access to a shared medium, preventing collisions and ensuring efficient data transmission.
MAC protocols are used in LANs (Local Area Networks) and WLANs (Wireless Local Area Networks).

CSMA Protocols

CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access) protocols are a type of MAC protocol that listens to the medium before transmitting.
1-Persistent CSMA continuously listens to the medium until it becomes idle and then transmits immediately with probability 1.
Non-Persistent CSMA reduces the possibility of collisions by waiting for a random time before retransmitting.
P-Persistent CSMA reduces the possibility of collisions like non-persistent and reduces channel idle time like 1-persistent.
CSMA/CD (Collision Detection) protocol overcomes the inefficiency of channel wastage by detecting collisions while transmitting.
The main inefficiency of CSMA protocols is channel wastage due to collisions.

ALOHA Protocols

ALOHA protocol was developed at the University of Hawaii in the early 1970s to connect computers situated on different Hawaiian islands.
The purpose of random retransmission time in the ALOHA scheme is to reduce the probability of collisions.
In Pure ALOHA protocol, the maximum round-trip propagation delay is 2tprop.
In Pure ALOHA protocol, the vulnerable time is 2tprop.
The maximum throughput in the Pure ALOHA protocol is 18.4%.
The maximum throughput in the Slotted ALOHA protocol is 36.8%.

Channelization Protocols

FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) protocol divides the transmission medium into separate frequency bands, assigning each station a separate band.
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) protocol shares the entire bandwidth capacity between multiple stations, allocating time slots to each station.
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) protocol assigns a unique code to each station, allowing multiple transmissions to occur simultaneously.

Access Methods

Token-Passing protocol uses a free token to allow stations to transmit their frames.
In the Reservation Access Method, each cycle begins with a reservation interval that consists of 3 minislots.
Polling method uses a primary station to ask secondary stations if they have data to send, providing in-order access to the shared medium.
The primary station assigns a poll to each secondary station in the Polling method.

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Description

Test your knowledge on CSMA protocols and collision avoidance techniques with this quiz. Learn about the vulnerable time for CSMA, the impact of propagation delay on protocol performance, and various types of CSMA protocols.