Questions and Answers
Which factor is not involved in the intrinsic pathway?
Factor VII
What is the end result of the common pathway?
Formation of a fibrin clot
Which vitamin is necessary for the synthesis and activation of factors II, VII, IX, and X?
Vitamin K
What is the role of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in fibrinolysis?
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Which pathway is activated when blood comes into contact with injured tissue?
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What is the function of factor IX in the coagulation cascade?
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Study Notes
Coagulation Cascade and Clotting Factors
Intrinsic Pathway
- Also known as the contact pathway
- Activated when blood comes into contact with a negatively charged surface (e.g., collagen)
- Factors involved:
- Factor XII (Hageman factor)
- Factor XI
- Factor IX
- Factor VIII
- Activates factor IX, which then activates factor X
Extrinsic Pathway
- Also known as the tissue factor pathway
- Activated when blood comes into contact with tissue factor (expressed on injured tissue)
- Factors involved:
- Tissue factor
- Factor VII
- Activates factor X directly
Common Pathway
- Shared pathway for both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways
- Factors involved:
- Factor X
- Factor V
- Factor II (thrombin)
- Fibrinogen
- Leads to the formation of a fibrin clot
Vitamin K-dependent Factors
- Factors that require vitamin K for synthesis and activation:
- Factor II (thrombin)
- Factor VII
- Factor IX
- Factor X
- Vitamin K is necessary for the carboxylation of glutamic acid residues, which is required for the activation of these factors
Fibrinolysis
- Process of breaking down a fibrin clot
- Factors involved:
- Plasminogen
- Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
- Urokinase
- Plasminogen is converted to plasmin, which breaks down fibrin and dissolves the clot
Coagulation Cascade and Clotting Factors
Intrinsic Pathway
- Activated when blood comes into contact with a negatively charged surface, such as collagen
- Involves factors XII, XI, IX, and VIII
- Factor XII is also known as Hageman factor
- Activates factor IX, which then activates factor X
Extrinsic Pathway
- Activated when blood comes into contact with tissue factor, which is expressed on injured tissue
- Involves tissue factor and factor VII
- Activates factor X directly
Common Pathway
- Shared pathway of intrinsic and extrinsic pathways
- Involves factors X, V, II (thrombin), and fibrinogen
- Leads to the formation of a fibrin clot
Vitamin K-dependent Factors
- Factors II (thrombin), VII, IX, and X require vitamin K for synthesis and activation
- Vitamin K is necessary for the carboxylation of glutamic acid residues, required for activation
Fibrinolysis
- Process of breaking down a fibrin clot
- Involves plasminogen, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and urokinase
- Plasminogen is converted to plasmin, which breaks down fibrin and dissolves the clot
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