24 Questions
What is the structure that holds two sister chromatids together?
Centromere
What is the final level in the hierarchy of chromosome packaging?
Mitotic chromosome condensation
When are metaphase chromosomes formed?
After DNA replication is complete
What is the purpose of chromosome condensation during mitosis?
To disentangle sister chromatids and protect DNA
What is the main function of the compaction of chromosomes during mitosis?
To protect DNA molecules from being broken
What is the name of the process that allows sister chromatids to easily separate during cell division?
Centromere disentanglement
What is the structure that protects DNA molecules from being broken during chromosome compaction?
Chromatin
What is the name of the highly organized dynamic process of chromosome compaction during mitosis?
Chromatin condensation
What are the two daughter DNA molecules produced by DNA replication during interphase of the cell-division cycle folded to produce?
Two sister chromatids
What is the name of the structure that assists in telomere maintenance?
Telomerase
When are interphase chromosomes mostly studied?
Using metaphase chromosomes
What is the name of the level in the hierarchy of chromosome packaging that involves the compaction of chromosomes during mitosis?
Mitotic chromosome condensation
What is the function of telomeres?
To stabilize the chromosome structure and prevent chromosome shortening during replication
What is the role of condensins in the condensation of interphase chromosomes into mitotic chromosomes?
Using the energy of ATP hydrolysis to drive the coiling of each interphase chromosome
What is the main function of centromeres?
Directing the movement of each chromosome into daughter cells
What is the structure on chromatids where the spindle fibers attach during cell division to pull sister chromatids apart?
Kinetochore
What is the sequence found in telomeres?
-TTAGGG-
What is the role of telomerase?
To synthesize the very ends of telomeres to prevent them from shrinking during DNA replication
What is the main function of histones in heterochromatin?
To compact the nucleosomes into particularly dense arrangements
What is the role of alpha satellite DNA in human centromeres?
It consists largely of short, repeated DNA sequences
What happens to telomeres as cells divide repeatedly?
They grow shorter and the cells age
What is the activity of telomerase in somatic cells?
Low or undetectable levels
What happens to telomerase activity in most cancers and immortalized cells?
It is reactivated
What is the consequence of telomere shortening in tissues where cells continually divide?
Cells become senescent or die
Test your knowledge of chromosome structure and function with this quiz. Explore topics such as centromeres, telomeres, and the replication of DNA molecules. Ideal for students and researchers interested in cell division and genetics.
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