18 Questions
What is the primary function of telomeres in eukaryotic chromosomal DNA?
Telomeres postpone the erosion of genes near the ends of DNA molecules, but do not prevent the shortening of DNA molecules.
What is the result of meiosis in terms of the number of chromosomes in daughter cells?
Daughter cells have half as many chromosomes as the parent cell.
What is the role of interphase in the cell cycle?
Interphase is responsible for cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preparation for cell division.
What is the term for the point where sister chromatids are most closely attached?
Centromere
What is the collective term for the process of division of the genetic material in the nucleus and the division of the cytoplasm?
Cell division
Why is cell division essential for multicellular eukaryotes?
Cell division is necessary for development from a fertilized cell, growth, and repair.
What is the semiconservative model of replication, and what is the significance of each daughter molecule?
The semiconservative model of replication predicts that each daughter molecule will have one old strand and one newly made strand. This is significant because it ensures that the genetic information is preserved and passed on to the next generation.
What is the function of helicases in DNA replication, and what would happen if they were absent?
Helicases are enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks, allowing DNA replication to proceed. If they were absent, the double helix would not be unwound, and DNA replication would be hindered.
What is the role of single-strand binding proteins in DNA replication, and how do they contribute to the stability of the replication process?
Single-strand binding proteins bind to and stabilize single-stranded DNA, preventing it from forming secondary structures and ensuring that the replication process proceeds smoothly.
What is the purpose of topoisomerase in DNA replication, and how does it resolve the problem of 'overwinding'?
Topoisomerase corrects 'overwinding' ahead of replication forks by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands, allowing replication to proceed without impediment.
What is the function of RNA primer in DNA replication, and how does it initiate synthesis of the leading strand?
RNA primer initiates synthesis of the leading strand by providing a starting point for DNA polymerase, allowing it to begin building the new DNA strand.
What is the significance of the 5' to 3' direction of DNA synthesis, and why is it the easiest way for DNA polymerase to conduct DNA replication?
The 5' to 3' direction of DNA synthesis is the easiest way for DNA polymerase to conduct DNA replication because it allows the polymerase to add nucleotides to the growing strand in a continuous and efficient manner.
What is the primary function of the S phase in the cell cycle, and what is the outcome of this phase?
The primary function of the S phase is DNA replication, and the outcome is the duplication of chromosomes.
What is the function of kinetochores in the mitotic spindle structure, and what do they attach to?
Kinetochores are protein complexes that attach to the centromeres of chromosomes during cell division, and they attach to the microtubules of the spindle.
What is heredity, and what is the unit of heredity that is passed from parents to offspring?
Heredity is the transmission of traits from one generation to the next, and the unit of heredity is the gene.
What is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction in terms of gamete fusion?
Asexual reproduction does not involve the fusion of gametes, whereas sexual reproduction does.
What is the role of centrosomes in the assembly of the spindle microtubules during mitosis?
Centrosomes are responsible for the assembly of spindle microtubules during mitosis.
During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell grow, but chromosomes are not duplicated?
G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle are characterized by cell growth, but chromosomes are only duplicated during the S phase.
This quiz covers the basics of DNA replication, including the semiconservative model, origins of replication, and chromosome structure. Learn about the process of DNA replication and how chromosomes are organized.
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