DNA Replication and Chromosome Structure

Telomeres postpone the erosion of genes near the ends of DNA molecules, but do not prevent the shortening of DNA molecules.

Daughter cells have half as many chromosomes as the parent cell.

Interphase is responsible for cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preparation for cell division.

<p>Centromere</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell division is necessary for development from a fertilized cell, growth, and repair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The semiconservative model of replication predicts that each daughter molecule will have one old strand and one newly made strand. This is significant because it ensures that the genetic information is preserved and passed on to the next generation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Helicases are enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks, allowing DNA replication to proceed. If they were absent, the double helix would not be unwound, and DNA replication would be hindered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Single-strand binding proteins bind to and stabilize single-stranded DNA, preventing it from forming secondary structures and ensuring that the replication process proceeds smoothly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Topoisomerase corrects 'overwinding' ahead of replication forks by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands, allowing replication to proceed without impediment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA primer initiates synthesis of the leading strand by providing a starting point for DNA polymerase, allowing it to begin building the new DNA strand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 5' to 3' direction of DNA synthesis is the easiest way for DNA polymerase to conduct DNA replication because it allows the polymerase to add nucleotides to the growing strand in a continuous and efficient manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary function of the S phase is DNA replication, and the outcome is the duplication of chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kinetochores are protein complexes that attach to the centromeres of chromosomes during cell division, and they attach to the microtubules of the spindle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heredity is the transmission of traits from one generation to the next, and the unit of heredity is the gene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asexual reproduction does not involve the fusion of gametes, whereas sexual reproduction does.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centrosomes are responsible for the assembly of spindle microtubules during mitosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle are characterized by cell growth, but chromosomes are only duplicated during the S phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers